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This marked the beginning of more than a century of classical liberalism in British India [4] Scottish writer James Mill gained prominence among the British around this time. Generally regarded as a utilitarian imperialist influenced by classical liberalism, [5] his most successful work was A History of British India, published in 1817. Mill ...
The Liberal party was formed in 1919, [1] and British intellectuals and British officials were often participating members of its committees. The Indian National Congress , which had been formed to create a mature political dialogue with the British government, included both moderates and patriots.
In India, the INC was founded in the late 19th century by liberal nationalists demanding the creation of a more liberal and autonomous India. [166] Liberalism continued to be the main ideological current of the group through the early years of the 20th century, but socialism gradually overshadowed the thinking of the party in the next few decades.
A History of Political Theory is a book by George Holland Sabine on the history of political thought from Ancient Greece to fascism and Nazism in the 1930s. First published in 1937, [1] it propounds a hypothesis that theories of politics are themselves a part of politics. [2]
Believing that India should eventually move towards democratic self-government, the Early Nationalists wanted a larger share in the governing of India. They did not seek immediate attainment of their goal as they feared that the government would suppress their activities. Instead they aimed at winning freedom through a gradual process. [15]
Liberalism became a distinct movement in the Age of Enlightenment, gaining popularity among Western philosophers and economists. Liberalism sought to replace the norms of hereditary privilege, state religion, absolute monarchy, the divine right of kings and traditional conservatism with representative democracy, rule of law, and equality under ...
The first European to reach India via the Atlantic Ocean was the Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama, who reached Calicut in 1498 in search of spice. [3] Just over a century later, the Dutch and English established trading outposts on the Indian subcontinent, with the first English trading post set up at Surat in 1613.
Despite economic reforms, decline in poverty has been slow in India compared to its neighbours like China, which did not liberalise to the same extent. Poverty continues to persist in India, before the COVID-19 pandemic there were 59 million Indians living below $2 a day and 1,162 million living between $2.01 and $10 a day. [ 93 ]