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Normalizing the data, by dividing the budget balance by GDP, enables easy comparisons across countries and indicates whether a national government saves or borrows money. Countries with high budget deficits (relative to their GDPs) generally have more difficulty raising funds to finance expenditures, than those with lower deficits."
The pharmaceutical industry employs around 67,000 people in the UK and in 2007 contributed £8.4 billion to the UK's GDP and invested a total of £3.9 billion in research and development. [ 113 ] [ 114 ] In 2007 exports of pharmaceutical products from the UK totalled £14.6 billion, creating a trade surplus in pharmaceutical products of £4.3 ...
The pharmaceutical industry employs around 67,000 people in the UK and in 2007 contributed £8.4 billion to the UK's GDP and invested a total of £3.9 billion in research and development. [ 161 ] [ 162 ] In 2007 exports of pharmaceutical products from the UK totalled £14.6 billion, creating a trade surplus in pharmaceutical products of £4.3 ...
Countries by total wealth, 2022 (2023 publication) National net wealth, also known as national net worth, is the total sum of the value of a country's assets minus its liabilities.
Sterling (ISO code: GBP) is the currency of the United Kingdom and nine of its associated territories. [3] The pound is the main unit of sterling, [4] [c] and the word pound is also used to refer to the British currency generally, [7] often qualified in international contexts as the British pound or the pound sterling. [4]
The bank has a starting capital of $50 billion, with wealth increased to $100 billion over time. [148] Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa initially contributed $10 billion each to bring the total to $50 billion. [147] [148] As of 2020, it had 53 projects underway worth around $15 billion. [149]
The United Kingdom's pound sterling was the primary reserve currency of much of the world in the 19th century and first half of the 20th century. [1] However, by the middle of the 20th century, the United States dollar had become the world's dominant reserve currency.
For scale, 50% of the $1.5 trillion in tax expenditures in 2016 was $750 billion, while the U.S. budget deficit was approximately $600 billion. [18] In other words, eliminating the tax expenditures for the top 20% might balance the budget over the short-term, depending on economic feedback effects.