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  2. Biosynthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosynthesis

    Biosynthetic processes are often represented via charts of metabolic pathways. A particular biosynthetic pathway may be located within a single cellular organelle (e.g., mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis pathways), while others involve enzymes that are located across an array of cellular organelles and structures (e.g., the biosynthesis of ...

  3. DNA synthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_synthesis

    DNA replication also works by using a DNA template, the DNA double helix unwinds during replication, exposing unpaired bases for new nucleotides to hydrogen bond to. Gene synthesis, however, does not require a DNA template and genes are assembled de novo. DNA synthesis occurs in all eukaryotes and prokaryotes, as well as some viruses. The ...

  4. Nucleic acid metabolism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acid_metabolism

    Nucleic acid metabolism is a collective term that refers to the variety of chemical reactions by which nucleic acids (DNA and/or RNA) are either synthesized or degraded.. Nucleic acids are polymers (so-called "biopolymers") made up of a variety of monomers called nucleo

  5. Pyrimidine metabolism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrimidine_metabolism

    In order to understand how life arose, knowledge is required of the chemical pathways that permit formation of the key building blocks of life under plausible prebiotic conditions. The RNA world hypothesis holds that in the primordial soup there existed free-floating pyrimidine and purine ribonucleotides , the fundamental molecules that combine ...

  6. Ribonucleotide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribonucleotide

    DNA is defined by containing 2'-deoxy-ribose nucleic acid while RNA is defined by containing ribose nucleic acid. [1] In some occasions, DNA and RNA may contain some minor bases. Methylated forms of the major bases are most common in DNA. In viral DNA, some bases may be hydroxymethylated or glucosylated.

  7. Metabolic engineering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolic_engineering

    Some examples of successful metabolic engineering are the following: (i) Identification of constraints to lysine production in Corynebacterium glutamicum and insertion of new genes to relieve these constraints to improve production [7] (ii) Engineering of a new fatty acid biosynthesis pathway, called reversed beta oxidation pathway, that is ...

  8. Thymidylate synthase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thymidylate_synthase

    Thymidylate synthase (TS) plays a crucial role in the early stages of DNA biosynthesis. [11] DNA damage or deletion occur on a daily basis as a result of both endogenous and environmental factors. Such environmental factors include ultraviolet damage and cigarette smoke that contain a variety of carcinogens. [12] Therefore, synthesis and ...

  9. Nucleic acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acid

    Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid containing the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms. The chemical DNA was discovered in 1869, but its role in genetic inheritance was not demonstrated until 1943. The DNA segments that carry this genetic information are called genes.

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