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Wiretapping, also known as wire tapping or telephone tapping, is the monitoring of telephone and Internet-based conversations by a third party, often by covert means.The wire tap received its name because, historically, the monitoring connection was an actual electrical tap on an analog telephone or telegraph line.
Among the earliest covert listening devices used in the United States of America was the dictograph, an invention of Kelley M. Turner patented in 1906 (US Patent US843186A). [7]
The Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA), also known as the "Digital Telephony Act," is a United States wiretapping law passed in 1994, during the presidency of Bill Clinton (Pub. L. No. 103-414, 108 Stat. 4279, codified at 47 USC 1001–1010).
Western Electric Co., Inc. was an American electrical engineering and manufacturing company that operated from 1869 to 1996. A subsidiary of the AT&T Corporation for most of its lifespan, Western Electric was the primary manufacturer, supplier, and purchasing agent for all telephone equipment for the Bell System from 1881 until 1984, when the Bell System was dismantled.
Tarr, Joel A., Thomas Finholt, and David Goodman. "The city and the telegraph: urban telecommunications in the pre-telephone era." Journal of Urban History 14.1 (1987): 38–80. Thompson, Robert Luther. Wiring a Continent: The History of the Telegraph Industry in the United States, 1832-1866 (1947) ends in 1866; emphasis on Western Union online
Spindel is known for his involvement in union leader Jimmy Hoffa's 1964 criminal trial [3] and 1957 trial [8] where in 1957 Spindel and Hoffa pleaded not guilty to accusations of illegal wiretapping. The 1957 indictment stated that in 1953 Hoffa paid Spindel $8,429 in union funds to wiretap Teamster headquarters in Detroit .
In section 605 of the act, the FCC was empowered by Congress to enforce wiretapping compliance. Academic Colin Agur argues that the Communications Act of 1934 "filled a legal void" by creating a process through which telephone carrier companies could record and report illegal wiretapping requests and the FCC could punish law enforcement ...
California law makes no distinction between "city" and "town", and municipalities may use either term in their official names. [6] They can be organized as either a charter municipality, governed by its own charter, or a general-law municipality (or "code city"), governed by state statute.