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In women, the rectouterine pouch is the deepest point of the peritoneal cavity. It is posterior to the uterus, and anterior to the rectum. [2] Its anterior boundary is formed by the posterior fornix of the vagina. [1] The pouch on the other side of the uterus near to the anterior fornix is the vesicouterine pouch.
A cul-de-sac hernia (also termed a peritoneocele) is a herniation of peritoneal folds into the rectovaginal septum (in females), [2] or the rectovesical septum (in males). The herniated structure is the recto-uterine pouch (pouch of Douglas) in females, [ 2 ] or the rectovesical pouch in males.
Culdoscopy is an endoscopic procedure performed to examine the rectouterine pouch and pelvic viscera by the introduction of a culdoscope through the posterior vaginal wall. [1] The word culdoscopy (and culdoscope) is derived from the term cul-de-sac, which means literally in French "bottom of a sac", and refers to the rectouterine pouch (or called the pouch of Douglas).
Posterior enterocele (develops in the rectovaginal space, also termed the pouch of Douglas or the cul-de-sac). [2] Anterior enterocele (develops in the vesicovaginal space). [2] Retains the full thickness of the anterior vaginal wall. [2] Lacks vaginal wall (or very thin and ulcerated vaginal wall). [2] Anterior enterocele is rare. [2]
Peritoneal folds are omentums, mesenteries and ligaments; they connect organs to each other or to the abdominal wall. [4] There are two main regions of the peritoneal cavity, connected by the omental foramen. The greater sac, represented in red in the diagrams above. The lesser sac, represented in blue. The lesser sac is divided into two "omenta":
The uterosacral ligaments pull the cervix posterior-ward, counteracting the anterior-ward pull exerted by the round ligament of uterus upon the fundus of the uterus, thus maintaining anteversion of the body of the uterus.
The term cecum comes from Latin (intestinum) caecum, literally 'blind intestine', in the sense 'blind gut' or 'cul de sac'. [6] It is a direct translation from Ancient Greek τυφλὸν (ἔντερον) typhlòn (énteron). Thus the inflammation of the cecum is called typhlitis.
The peritoneal cavity is divided into the greater and lesser sacs. The greater sac comprises the majority of the peritoneal cavity, while the lesser sac, also known as the omental bursa, is smaller and situated posterior to the stomach and lesser omentum. They are connected by the omental foramen. [4]