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The Abel test is a method developed by the British chemist Frederick Abel (1827–1902) to determine the flash point of a given sample of petroleum in order to ascertain the temperature at which it could safely be stored or used. [1]
The TAG flash point tester adheres to ASTM D56 and has no stirrer, while the Abel flash point testers adheres to IP 170 and ISO 13736 and has a stirring motor so the sample is stirred during testing. The flash point is an empirical measurement rather than a fundamental physical parameter.
At the request of the British government, he devised the Abel test, a means of determining the flash point of petroleum products. [2] His first instrument, the open-test apparatus, was specified in an Act of Parliament in 1868 for officially specifying petroleum products.
This allows the development of an equilibrium between the liquid and the air volume. The ignition source is directed into the cup at regular intervals with simultaneous interruption of stirring. The test concludes upon observation of a flash that spreads throughout the inside of the cup. The corresponding temperature is the liquid's flash point.
The Cleveland open-cup method is one of three main methods in chemistry for determining the flash point of a petroleum product using a Cleveland open-cup apparatus, also known as a Cleveland open-cup tester. [1] First, the test cup of the apparatus (usually brass) is filled to a certain level with a portion of the product.
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In 1996, the removable head for flash point testers was patented, thus giving the user the option to perform flash point tests with an automatic sample changer. This allows the user to accelerate the individual tests since the manual insertion, the required cooling and the manual removal of the sample container are no longer necessary.
Because of the hydrocarbon components in the mixture it had a flash point of 72 °F (22 °C) (Abel Close test) and so was classed by railway companies as dangerous goods. This classification allowed the railway companies to charge more for distributing Brasso around the country. Reckitt's appealed to the companies asking for the polish to be ...
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