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The profit maximization issue can also be approached from the input side. That is, what is the profit maximizing usage of the variable input? [13] To maximize profit the firm should increase usage of the input "up to the point where the input's marginal revenue product equals its marginal costs". [14]
Mathematically, the markup rule can be derived for a firm with price-setting power by maximizing the following expression for profit: = () where Q = quantity sold, P(Q) = inverse demand function, and thereby the price at which Q can be sold given the existing demand C(Q) = total cost of producing Q.
In the short-run, a profit-maximizing firm will: Increase production if marginal cost is less than marginal revenue (added revenue per additional unit of output); Decrease production if marginal cost is greater than marginal revenue;
Profit maximization requires that a firm produces where marginal revenue equals marginal costs. Firm managers are unlikely to have complete information concerning their marginal revenue function or their marginal costs. However, the profit maximization conditions can be expressed in a “more easily applicable form”: MR = MC, MR = P(1 + 1/e),
Hotelling's lemma is a result in microeconomics that relates the supply of a good to the maximum profit of the producer. It was first shown by Harold Hotelling, and is widely used in the theory of the firm. Specifically, it states: The rate of an increase in maximized profits with respect to a price increase is equal to the net supply of the good.
A decision to shut down means that the firm is temporarily suspending production. It does not mean that the firm is going out of business (exiting the industry). [33] If market conditions improve, and prices increase, the firm can resume production. Shutting down is a short-run decision. A firm that has shut down is not producing.
Yield management (YM) [4] has become part of mainstream business theory and practice over the last fifteen to twenty years. Whether an emerging discipline or a new management science (it has been called both), yield management is a set of yield maximization strategies and tactics to improve the profitability of certain businesses.
Both the marginal cost and marginal revenue are extremely important in economics as a firm's profit is maximized when the marginal cost is equal to the marginal revenue. [26] Managers can make business decisions on the output level based on this analysis in order to maximize the profit of the firm.