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The southern lava flows have reached the sea near Selfoss. [1] It is now known that within the area of the rhyolitic caldera of Torfajökull there are younger extrusives that involve basaltic magma mixing events by lateral propagation, [ c ] from the fissure swarm of Bárðarbunga's volcanic system.
Rootless cones are formed by steam explosions as flowing hot lava crosses over a wet surface, such as a swamp, a lake, or a pond. The explosive gases break through the lava surface in a manner similar to a phreatic eruption , and the tephra builds up crater-like forms which can appear very similar to real volcanic craters.
The flow was generated by a flood basalt eruption during the Midcontinental Rift, which occurred 1.1 billion years ago. [5] Where the cooled lava is exposed, it forms much of the Kennesaw Peninsula and Isle Royal in Lake Superior. At Isle Royal, the flow forms the backbone of the island and the Greenstone Ridge trail runs along its length. [1]
The Chicago "L" (short for "elevated") [4] is the rapid transit system serving the city of Chicago and some of its surrounding suburbs in the U.S. state of Illinois.Operated by the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA), it is the fourth-largest rapid transit system in the United States in terms of total route length, at 102.8 miles (165.4 km) long as of 2014, [1] [note 1] and the third-busiest rapid ...
[37] [38] It has been estimated that the Ginkgo flow advanced 500 km in six days (a rate of advance of about 3.5 km per hour). [37] The lateral extent of a flood basalt flow is roughly proportional to the cube of the thickness of the flow near its source. Thus, a flow that is double in thickness at its source can travel roughly eight times as ...
The oldest Dómadalshraun lava flow is dated to about 7000 BP and is about 2 km (1.2 mi) north of the Haölduhraun flow. [ 5 ] : 388 Just to the east of the Hrafntinnuhraun flow from the 877 eruption is the Sléttahraun lava flow that erupted about 8000 BP and east of that the Hrafntinnusker flow of about 7500 BP, [ 5 ] : 388 [ b ] which had an ...
While Metra does not refer to any of its lines by colors, the timetable accents for the Union Pacific Northwest Line are bright "Viking Yellow," honoring the Chicago & North Western Railway's Viking passenger train. [4] The line runs from Ogilvie Transportation Center to Harvard, Illinois. However, most trains terminate in Crystal Lake, Illinois.
The Loop was born in political scandal: upon completion, all the rail lines running downtown had to pay Yerkes's operation a fee, which raised fares for commuters; when Yerkes, after bribery of the state legislature, secured legislation by which he claimed a fifty-year franchise, the resulting furor drove him out of town and ushered in a short ...