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In the early 20th century, racial discrimination was added into deeds, with 67 percent of all Central Ohio subdivisions found to have exclusionary covenants against people of color during a period from 1921 to 1935. [7] [1] A 1948 U.S. Supreme Court ruling, Shelley v. Kraemer, found these clauses to be unconstitutional.
The California Real Estate Association also supported California Proposition 10 on the November 1950 election ballot (adding Article 34 to the California Constitution and known as the "Public Housing Project Law") which made it significantly more difficult to build low-rent housing projects in California communities. [13]
The Unruh Civil Rights Act (colloquially the "Unruh Act") is an expansive 1959 California law that prohibits California businesses from engaging in unlawful discrimination against all persons (consumers) within California's jurisdiction, where the unlawful discrimination is in part based on a person's sex, race, color, religion, ancestry, national origin, age, disability, medical condition ...
Likewise, other states' legislation allowed lawsuits against real estate companies and brokers who cheated buyers and sellers with fraudulent representations of declining property values, changing racial and ethnic neighborhood populations, increasing crime rates, and the "worsening" of schools, as results of racial mixing. [2]
"The United States Supreme Court defines steering as a 'practice by which real estate brokers and agents preserve and encourage patterns of racial segregation in available housing by steering members of racial and ethnic groups to buildings occupied primarily by members of such racial and ethnic groups and away from buildings and neighborhoods ...
The filings, with the California Civil Rights Department, were based on an undercover investigation. Housing nonprofit alleges widespread discrimination against Section 8 tenants in California ...
Two years ago, it became illegal across California for landlords to refuse to rent to Section 8 residents. Tenants and their advocates say the practice remains common.
The California Civil Rights Department sued two landlords, alleging they discriminated against a Section 8 tenant. It was the first such suit the department brought.