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The empty string should not be confused with the empty language ∅, which is a formal language (i.e. a set of strings) that contains no strings, not even the empty string. The empty string has several properties: |ε| = 0. Its string length is zero. ε ⋅ s = s ⋅ ε = s. The empty string is the identity element of the concatenation operation
A blank value in analytical chemistry is a measurement of a blank. The reading does not originate from a sample, but the matrix effects , reagents and other residues . These contribute to the sample value in the analytical measurement and therefore have to be subtracted.
[S] is the concentration of the limiting substrate S for growth, K s is the "half-velocity constant"—the value of [S] when μ/μ max = 0.5. μ max and K s are empirical (experimental) coefficients to the Monod equation. They will differ between microorganism species and will also depend on the ambient environmental conditions, e.g., on the ...
The strings over an alphabet, with the concatenation operation, form an associative algebraic structure with identity element the null string—a free monoid. Sets of strings with concatenation and alternation form a semiring, with concatenation (*) distributing over alternation (+); 0 is the empty set and 1 the set consisting of just the null ...
For example, the constant π may be defined as the ratio of the length of a circle's circumference to its diameter. The following list includes a decimal expansion and set containing each number, ordered by year of discovery. The column headings may be clicked to sort the table alphabetically, by decimal value, or by set.
Values of the concentration parameter above 1 prefer variates that are dense, evenly distributed distributions, i.e. all the values within a single sample are similar to each other. Values of the concentration parameter below 1 prefer sparse distributions, i.e. most of the values within a single sample will be close to 0, and the vast majority ...
Constant folding is the process of recognizing and evaluating constant expressions at compile time rather than computing them at runtime. Terms in constant expressions are typically simple literals, such as the integer literal 2, but they may also be variables whose values are known at compile time.
Ukkonen's 1985 algorithm takes a string p, called the pattern, and a constant k; it then builds a deterministic finite state automaton that finds, in an arbitrary string s, a substring whose edit distance to p is at most k [13] (cf. the Aho–Corasick algorithm, which similarly constructs an automaton to search for any of a number of patterns ...