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Illustration of a melanocyte Micrograph of melanocytes in the epidermis. Through a process called melanogenesis, melanocytes produce melanin, which is a pigment found in the skin, eyes, hair, nasal cavity, and inner ear.
[1] Melanism is the congenital excess of melanin in an organism resulting in dark pigment . Pseudomelanism, also called abundism, is another variant of pigmentation, identifiable by dark spots or enlarged stripes, which cover a large part of the body of the animal, making it appear melanistic.
Hyperpigmentation can be diffuse or focal, affecting such areas as the face and the back of the hands. Melanin is produced by melanocytes at the lower layer of the epidermis . Melanin is a class of pigment responsible for producing color in the body in places such as the eyes, skin, and hair.
Phototoxicity, also called photoirritation, is a chemically induced skin irritation, requiring light, that does not involve the immune system. [1] It is a type of photosensitivity. [1] [2] The skin response resembles an exaggerated sunburn.
Biological pigments, also known simply as pigments or biochromes, [1] are substances produced by living organisms that have a color resulting from selective color absorption. Biological pigments include plant pigments and flower pigments.
Poikiloderma is a skin condition that consists of areas of hypopigmentation, hyperpigmentation, telangiectasias and atrophy. Poikiloderma of Civatte is most frequently seen on the chest or the neck, characterized by red colored pigment on the skin that is commonly associated with sun damage. [1]
Freckles are clusters of concentrated melaninized cells which are most easily visible on people with a fair complexion.Freckles do not have an increased number of the melanin-producing cells, or melanocytes, but instead have melanocytes that overproduce melanin granules (melanosomes) changing the coloration of the outer skin cells (keratinocytes).
Having six or more café au lait spots greater than 5 mm in diameter before puberty, or greater than 15 mm in diameter after puberty, is a diagnostic feature of neurofibromatosis type I (NF-1), but other features are required to diagnose NF-1. [2] Familial multiple cafe-au-lait spots have been observed without an NF-1 diagnosis. [9] Noonan syndrome