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  2. ATP hydrolysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP_hydrolysis

    Structure of ATP Structure of ADP Four possible resonance structures for inorganic phosphate. ATP hydrolysis is the catabolic reaction process by which chemical energy that has been stored in the high-energy phosphoanhydride bonds in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is released after splitting these bonds, for example in muscles, by producing work in the form of mechanical energy.

  3. Cellular respiration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_respiration

    According to some newer sources, the ATP yield during aerobic respiration is not 36–38, but only about 30–32 ATP molecules / 1 molecule of glucose [12], because: ATP : NADH+H + and ATP : FADH 2 ratios during the oxidative phosphorylation appear to be not 3 and 2, but 2.5 and 1.5 respectively.

  4. Beta oxidation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_oxidation

    It is then converted to a succinyl CoA by a carboxylation reaction and generates additional 5 ATP (1 ATP is consumed in carboxylation process generating a net of 4 ATP). In addition, two equivalents of ATP are lost during the activation of the fatty acid. Therefore, the total ATP yield can be stated as:

  5. Carbohydrate catabolism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate_catabolism

    These carbon molecules are oxidized into NADH and ATP. For the glucose molecule to oxidize into pyruvate, an input of ATP molecules is required. This is known as the investment phase, in which a total of two ATP molecules are consumed. At the end of glycolysis, the total yield of ATP is four molecules, but the net gain is two ATP molecules.

  6. Adenosine triphosphate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine_triphosphate

    Most useful ATP analogs cannot be hydrolyzed as ATP would be; instead, they trap the enzyme in a structure closely related to the ATP-bound state. Adenosine 5′-(γ-thiotriphosphate) is an extremely common ATP analog in which one of the gamma-phosphate oxygens is replaced by a sulfur atom; this anion is hydrolyzed at a dramatically slower rate ...

  7. Oxidative phosphorylation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidative_phosphorylation

    ATP is shown in red, ADP and phosphate in pink and the rotating γ subunit in black. This ATP synthesis reaction is called the binding change mechanism and involves the active site of a β subunit cycling between three states. [77] In the "open" state, ADP and phosphate enter the active site (shown in brown in the diagram).

  8. Substrate-level phosphorylation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substrate-level_phosphory...

    Substrate-level phosphorylation exemplified with the conversion of ADP to ATP. Substrate-level phosphorylation is a metabolism reaction that results in the production of ATP or GTP supported by the energy released from another high-energy bond that leads to phosphorylation of ADP or GDP to ATP or GTP (note that the reaction catalyzed by creatine kinase is not considered as "substrate-level ...

  9. Phosphorylation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorylation

    Phosphorylation is essential to the processes of both anaerobic and aerobic respiration, which involve the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the "high-energy" exchange medium in the cell. During aerobic respiration, ATP is synthesized in the mitochondrion by addition of a third phosphate group to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) in a ...