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In the past, alcohol was believed to be a non-specific pharmacological agent affecting many neurotransmitter systems in the brain, [25] but progress has been made over the last few decades. [ 26 ] [ 21 ] It appears that it affects ion channels, in particular ligand-gated ion channels , to mediate its effects in the CNS.
The basic trajectory of liquor in the body is from a person's mouth, through the esophagus, to the stomach, intestines, and the liver, where about 80-90% of the alcohol people consume is processed.
Alcohol-related brain damage [1] [2] alters both the structure and function of the brain as a result of the direct neurotoxic effects of alcohol intoxication or acute alcohol withdrawal. Increased alcohol intake is associated with damage to brain regions including the frontal lobe , [ 3 ] limbic system , and cerebellum , [ 4 ] with widespread ...
Alcohol acts as a general central nervous system depressant, but it also affects some specific areas of the brain to a greater extent than others. Memory impairment caused by alcohol has been linked to the disruption of hippocampal function—particularly affecting gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) neurotransmission which negatively impacts long-term potentiation ...
Alcohol consumption disrupts circadian rhythms, with acute intake causing dose-dependent alterations in melatonin and cortisol levels, as well as core body temperature, which normalize the following morning, while chronic alcohol use leads to more severe and persistent disruptions that are associated with alcohol use disorders (AUD) and ...
The deformed brain was found inside a roughly 2,600-year-old decapitated head that was excavated from a waterlogged pit in the U.K. in 2008. The image in the post is from a research paper about ...
It is well-known that alcohol increases the risk of developing various cancers, according to Dr. Frances Lee, who treats alcohol-related liver disease at Mount Sinai Health Systems in New York City.
[51] [52] [53] Alcohol passes easily from the mother's bloodstream through the placenta and into the bloodstream of the fetus, [54] which interferes with brain and organ development. [55] Alcohol can affect the fetus at any stage during pregnancy, but the level of risk depends on the amount and frequency of alcohol consumed. [55]