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The conversion equations depend on the temperature at which the conversion is wanted (usually about 20 to 25 °C). At an ambient sea level atmospheric pressure of 1 atm (101.325 kPa or 1.01325 bar), the general equation is:
Particulates or atmospheric particulate matter (see below for other names) are microscopic particles of solid or liquid matter suspended in the air.The term aerosol refers to the particulate/air mixture, as opposed to the particulate matter alone, [1] though it is sometimes defined as a subset of aerosol terminology. [2]
In European countries, air quality at or above 10 micrograms per cubic meter of air (μg/m 3) for PM 2.5 increases the all-causes daily mortality rate by 0.2-0.6% and the cardiopulmonary mortality rate by 6-13%. [35] Worldwide, PM 10 concentrations of 70 μg/m 3 and PM 2.5 concentrations of 35 μg/m 3 have been shown to increase long-term ...
As another example, a regulation might limit the concentration of particulate matter to 0.1 grain per standard cubic foot (i.e., scf) of dry exhaust gas corrected to 12 volume percent CO 2. Environmental agencies in the USA often denote a standard cubic foot of dry gas as "dscf" or as "scfd".
Average daily density of fine particulate matter in air (micrograms per cubic meter): 6.9 Percentage of adults aged 20 and above with diagnosed diabetes: 10.1% Number of drug poisoning deaths per ...
Particulate systems are characterized by the birth and death of particles. For example, consider precipitation process (formation of solid from liquid solution) which has the subprocesses nucleation , agglomeration , breakage, etc., that result in the increase or decrease of the number of particles of a particular radius (assuming formation of ...
Particulate matter may also be responsible for as many as 20,000 deaths annually, and exacerbation of asthma. Quantification of dose, determining total number of particles deposited in the pulmonary region, surface area of particles, acidity of particles, and shape are important in determining health impacts.
Children and infants are among the most vulnerable to air pollution. Polluted air leads resulted in the death of over 700,000 children in 2021 (709,000 under 5 years of age and 16,600 aged 5–14 years). [180] Children in low or middle income countries are exposed to higher levels of fine particulate matter than those in high income countries ...