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The Hasinai Confederacy (Caddo: Hasíinay [2]) was a large confederation of Caddo-speaking Native Americans who occupied territory between the Sabine and Trinity rivers in eastern Texas. Today, their descendants are enrolled in the Caddo Nation of Oklahoma and the Natchitoches Tribe of Louisiana.
The Caddo people comprise the Caddo Nation of Oklahoma, a federally recognized tribe headquartered in Binger, Oklahoma.They speak the Caddo language.. The Caddo Confederacy was a network of Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands, who historically inhabited much of what is now northeast Texas, west Louisiana, southwestern Arkansas, and southeastern Oklahoma. [2]
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In 1687, the tribe welcomed the survivors of the La Salle expedition into their villages in Texas. From that point onward, the Kadohadacho maintained friendly relations with the French. [7] In the 17th and 18th centuries, they were one of three clusters of Caddo tribes.
Nacogdoches is on or near the site of Nevantin, the primary village of the Nacogdoche tribe of Caddo Indians. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] The name, Nacogdoches, originates from the Caddo -speaking Native American tribe "Nacogdoche", [ 10 ] and the area remained a Caddo Indian settlement until the early 19th century.
Hostilities with the Osage pushed the tribe south into Texas. [4] In Texas, the Tawakoni were closely allied with the Waco tribe. Until 1770, they were friendly to the French but hostile to the Spanish. [4] Chief Quiscat traveled to San Antonio in 1772 to try to make peace with the Spanish, but this did not have a lasting effect. [5]
Some settled on the Brazos Indian Reservation in present-day Young County, Texas, and were removed with the Caddo to Indian Territory. [6] [2] The remaining Bidai formed one village about 12 miles from Montgomery, Texas, [1] growing corn and picking cotton for hire in the mid-19th century.
Part of this group was later associated with a Native community in east Texas known as the Mount Tabor Indian Community. The historian Mooney also noted the Yowani as a part of the Caddo Confederacy. The direct connection, aside from Texas references between the Hainai and the Yowani is unknown. [4]