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Carbon (from Latin carbo ' coal ') is a chemical element; it has symbol C and atomic number 6. It is nonmetallic and tetravalent—meaning that its atoms are able to form up to four covalent bonds due to its valence shell exhibiting 4 electrons. It belongs to group 14 of the periodic table. [13] Carbon makes up about 0.025 percent of Earth's ...
41 of the 118 known elements have names associated with, or specifically named for, places around the world or among astronomical objects. 32 of these have names tied to the places on Earth, and the other nine are named after to Solar System objects: helium for the Sun; tellurium for the Earth; selenium for the Moon; mercury (indirectly), uranium, neptunium and plutonium after their respective ...
For more detailed information about the origins of element names, see List of chemical element name ... Carbon [q] 14 2 p-block 12.011: 2.267 >4000: 4300: 0.709: 2.55 ...
Atomic carbon, systematically named carbon and λ 0-methane, is a colourless gaseous inorganic chemical with the chemical formula C (also written [C]). It is kinetically unstable at ambient temperature and pressure, being removed through autopolymerisation.
Yttrium, terbium, erbium, and ytterbium are all named for the Swedish village of Ytterby, where their ores were first found. [24] Hafnium is named after Hafnia, the Latin name for Danish capital Copenhagen. [25] [26] Holmium is named after Holmia, Latin for the Swedish capital Stockholm. [27] [24] Scandium comes from the Latin word for Scandinavia.
The systematic IUPAC name is not always the preferred IUPAC name, for example, lactic acid is a common, and also the preferred, name for what systematic rules call 2-hydroxypropanoic acid. This list is ordered by the number of carbon atoms in a carboxylic acid.
Its name first appears in print in the work of Georg Kaspar Kirchmayer in 1676. Recognised as an element by Lavoisier. [3] 1 Hydrogen: 1671 R. Boyle: 1671 R. Boyle Robert Boyle produced it by reacting iron filings with dilute acid. [54] [55] Henry Cavendish in 1766 was the first to distinguish H 2 from other gases. [56] Lavoisier named it in 1783.
Carbon is most commonly used in its amorphous form. In this form, carbon is used for steelmaking, as carbon black, as a filling in tires, in respirators, and as activated charcoal. Carbon is also used in the form of graphite, for example as the lead in pencils. Diamond, another form of carbon, is commonly used in jewelry. [18]