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2 Periodic Table format. 3 Notes. 4 References. Toggle References subsection. 4.1 Zhang et al. ... Boiling points of the elements (data page) Some values are predictions
Water boiling at 99.3 °C (210.8 °F) at 215 m (705 ft) elevation. The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the pressure surrounding the liquid [1] [2] and the liquid changes into a vapor.
This list is sorted by boiling point of gases in ascending order, but can be sorted on different values. "sub" and "triple" refer to the sublimation point and the triple point, which are given in the case of a substance that sublimes at 1 atm; "dec" refers to decomposition. "~" means approximately.
While calcium is a poorer conductor of electricity than copper or aluminium by volume, it is a better conductor by mass than both due to its very low density. [13] While calcium is infeasible as a conductor for most terrestrial applications as it reacts quickly with atmospheric oxygen, its use as such in space has been considered.
Upon freezing, the volume of mercury decreases by 3.59% and its density changes from 13.69 g/cm 3 when liquid to 14.184 g/cm 3 when solid. The coefficient of volume expansion is 181.59 × 10 −6 at 0 °C, 181.71 × 10 −6 at 20 °C and 182.50 × 10 −6 at 100 °C (per °C). Solid mercury is malleable and ductile, and can be cut with a knife ...
Discovered by the French chemist Paul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875, [12] gallium is in group 13 of the periodic table and is similar to the other metals of the group (aluminium, indium, and thallium). Elemental gallium is a relatively soft, silvery metal at standard temperature and pressure. In its liquid state, it becomes silvery white.
The melting (98 °C) and boiling (883 °C) points of sodium are lower than those of lithium but higher than those of the heavier alkali metals potassium, rubidium, and caesium, following periodic trends down the group. [12]
Periodic table of the chemical elements showing the most or more commonly named sets of elements (in periodic tables), and a traditional dividing line between metals and nonmetals. The f-block actually fits between groups 2 and 3 ; it is usually shown at the foot of the table to save horizontal space.