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Neoclassicism is a revival of the many styles and spirit of classic antiquity inspired directly from the classical period, [7] which coincided and reflected the developments in philosophy and other areas of the Age of Enlightenment, and was initially a reaction against the excesses of the preceding Rococo style. [8]
For example, Rose Rosengard Subotnik's Deconstructive Variations (subtitled Music and Reason in Western Society) compares Mozart's Die Zauberflöte (1791) using the Enlightenment and Romantic perspectives and concludes that the work is "an ideal musical representation of the Enlightenment."
Sociology as a scholarly discipline emerged, primarily out of Enlightenment thought, as a positivist science of society shortly after the French Revolution.Its genesis owed to various key movements in the philosophy of science and the philosophy of knowledge, arising in reaction to such issues as modernity, capitalism, urbanization, rationalization, secularization, colonization and imperialism.
Examples of this appeal to classicism included Dante, Petrarch, and Shakespeare in poetry and theatre. Tudor drama, in particular, modeled itself after classical ideals and divided works into Tragedy [5] and Comedy. Studying Ancient Greek became regarded as essential for a well-rounded education in the liberal arts.
Social cycle theories are among the earliest social theories in sociology.Unlike the theory of social evolutionism, which views the evolution of society and human history as progressing in some new, unique direction(s), sociological cycle theory argues that events and stages of society and history generally repeat themselves in cycles.
H. Honour, Neoclassicism (1968) E. M. Butler, The Tyranny of Greece over Germany (1935) Walter Pater, 'Winckelmann', in Westminster Review (1867 January) (repr. in W. Pater, Studies in the History of the Renaissance (1873) and The Renaissance: Studies in Art and Poetry (1877)) J. W. von Goethe, Winckelmann und sein Jahrhundert (1805)
Classicism appeared in French architecture during the reign of Louis XIV.In 1667 the king rejected a baroque scheme for the new east façade of the Louvre by Gian Lorenzo Bernini, the most famous architect and sculptor of the Baroque era, in favor of a more sober composition with pediments and an elevated colonnade of coupled colossal Corinthian columns, devised by a committee, consisting of ...
Though the term is usually reserved for the more thorough style that forms part of 20th-century rational architecture, [5] characteristics of Stripped Classicism are embodied in works of some progressive late 18th- and early 19th-century neoclassical architects, such as Étienne-Louis Boullée, Claude Nicolas Ledoux, Friedrich Gilly, Peter Speeth, Sir John Soane and Karl Friedrich Schinkel.