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The North African campaign of World War II took place in North Africa from 10 June 1940 to 13 May 1943, fought between the Allies and the Axis Powers. It included campaigns in the Libyan and Egyptian deserts ( Western Desert campaign , Desert War), in Morocco and Algeria ( Operation Torch ), and in Tunisia ( Tunisia campaign ).
May 1940 — Army of Africa (France) — 14 regiments of zouaves, 42 regiments of Algerian, Tunisian and Moroccan tirailleurs, 12 regiments and demi-brigades of the Foreign Legion and 13 battalions of African Light Infantry were serving on all fronts. [1] 10 June: The Kingdom of Italy declares war upon France and the United Kingdom [2]
In 205 BC Publius Scipio was given command of the legions in Sicily and allowed to enrol volunteers for his plan to end the war by an invasion of Africa. [239] After landing in Africa in 204 BC, he was joined by Masinissa and a force of Numidian cavalry. [240] Scipio gave battle to and destroyed two large Carthaginian armies. [220]
Carthaginian citizens would be enlisted in large numbers only by necessity, such as for the pivotal Battle of Zama in the Second Punic War, or in the final siege of the city in the Third Punic War. [148] The core of the Carthaginian army was always from its own territory in Northwest Africa, namely ethnic Libyans, Numidians, and "Liby ...
The Second Punic War (218 to 201 BC) was the second of three wars fought between Carthage and Rome, the two main powers of the western Mediterranean in the 3rd century BC. For 17 years the two states struggled for supremacy, primarily in Italy and Iberia, but also on the islands of Sicily and Sardinia and, towards the end of the war, in North Africa.
World War II [b] or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies and the Axis powers. Nearly all the world's countries—including all the great powers—participated, with many investing all available economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities in pursuit of total war, blurring the distinction between military and ...
Operation Vulcan (22 April – 6 May 1943) [1] and Operation Strike (6–12 May 1943) [2] were the final ground attacks by the Allied forces against the Italian and German forces in Tunis, [3] Cape Bon, and Bizerte, the last Axis toeholds in North Africa, during the Tunisian campaign of the Second World War.
At this point, Rome had to decide how to proceed. After much debating in the Senate, [5] Scipio, elected consul for 205 BC, was authorized to invade Africa. [6] Scipio's point was that only by this invasion would he induce Carthage to recall Hannibal [7] and Mago, who had set up another Carthaginian stronghold in Italy by landing in Liguria.