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location of Aachen in the Meuse (Dutch and German: Maas) river system (Wurm→ Rur→ Meuse→ North Sea)Aachen (/ ˈ ɑː k ən / ⓘ AH-kən, German: ⓘ; Aachen dialect: Oche; Dutch: Aken [ˈaːkə(n)] ⓘ; French: Aix-la-Chapelle; [a] Latin: Aquae Granni or Aquisgranum) is the 13th-largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia and the 27th-largest city of Germany, with around 261,000 inhabitants.
The Free Imperial City of Aachen, also known in English by its French name of Aix-la-Chapelle and today known simply as Aachen, was a Free Imperial City and spa of the Holy Roman Empire west of Cologne [1] and southeast of the Low Countries, in the Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle. [2]
A number of significant councils of the Latin Church were held at Aachen (also known in French as Aix-la-Chapelle) in the early Middle Ages.. In the mixed council of 798, Charlemagne proclaimed a capitulary of eighty-one chapters, largely a repetition of earlier ecclesiastical legislation, that was accepted by the clergy and acquired canonical authority.
Possession of towns like Charleroi and Tournai facilitated future campaigns through the control of vital routes into the Spanish Netherlands, but they were easily isolated and required expensive garrisons. [56] Spanish and French diplomats at the Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle. Both sides were unhappy with the Dutch.
The 1748 Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, sometimes called the Treaty of Aachen, ended the War of the Austrian Succession, following a congress assembled on 24 April 1748 at the Free Imperial City of Aachen. The two main antagonists in the war, Britain and France, opened peace talks in the Dutch city of Breda in 1746.
The names used for some major European cities differ in different European and sometimes non-European languages. In some countries where there are two or more languages spoken, such as Belgium or Switzerland, dual forms may be used within the city itself, for example on signage.
Félix Kreush, « La Chapelle palatine de Charlemagne à Aix », dans Les Dossiers d'archéologie, n°30, 1978, pages 14–23. Pierre Riché, La Vie quotidienne dans l’Empire carolingien, Paris, Hachette, 1973; Pierre Riché, Les Carolingiens. Une famille qui fit l’Europe, Paris, Hachette, 1983, ISBN 2-01-019638-4.
Negotiations between Britain and France had been taking place at Breda since June 1746; the terms they agreed were then imposed on the other parties at Aix-la-Chapelle. Despite their victories in Flanders, French Finance Minister Machault repeatedly warned of the impending collapse of their financial system.