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Erythromycin's elimination half-life ranges between 1.5 and 2.0 hours and is between 5 and 6 hours in patients with end-stage renal disease. Erythromycin levels peak in the serum 4 hours after dosing; ethylsuccinate peaks 0.5–2.5 hours after dosing, but can be delayed if digested with food. [39]
Occasionally erythromycin ophthalmic ointment is recommended. [20] Other antibiotics, such as chloramphenicol or amoxicillin may also be used. [ 21 ] Chloramphenicol is used successfully in many parts of the world, but contains a black box warning in the United States due to concerns about aplastic anemia , which on rare occasions can be fatal.
Ointment od/QD Once a day otc Over the counter (bought medication) P Pharmacy (drug) POM Prescription-only medicine prn When required q Every (e.g. q2h – every two hours) qds/qid Four times a day Rx Prescription tds/tid Three times a day ung Ointment
Antibiotic ointment is typically applied to the newborn's eyes within 1 hour of birth as prevention for gonococcal ophthalmia. [3] This practice is recommended for all newborns and most hospitals in the United States are required by state law to apply eye drops or ointment soon after birth to prevent the disease.
Figure 1.0 - Basic anatomical features of the human eye. Ophthalmic drug administration is the administration of a drug to the eyes, most typically as an eye drop formulation. Topical formulations are used to combat a multitude of diseased states of the eye. These states may include bacterial infections, eye injury, glaucoma, and dry eye. [1]
A medical professional administering nose drops Instillation of eye drops. A topical medication is a medication that is applied to a particular place on or in the body. Most often topical medication means application to body surfaces such as the skin or mucous membranes to treat ailments via a large range of classes including creams, foams, gels, lotions, and ointments. [1]
Bacitracin/polymyxin B (trade name Polysporin among others) is a topical antibiotic cream or ointment. [1] The active ingredients are polymyxin B, bacitracin and occasionally garamycin or gramicidin.
Chloramphenicol is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. [5] This includes use as an eye ointment to treat conjunctivitis. [6] By mouth or by injection into a vein, it is used to treat meningitis, plague, cholera, and typhoid fever. [5]
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