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In humans, the MSTN gene is located on the long (q) arm of chromosome 2 at position 32.2. [5] Myostatin (also known as growth differentiation factor 8, abbreviated GDF8) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MSTN gene. [6] Myostatin is a myokine that is produced and released by myocytes and acts on muscle cells to inhibit muscle growth. [7]
Myostatin inhibitors are a class of drugs that work by blocking the effects of myostatin, which inhibits muscle growth. In animal models and limited human studies, myostatin inhibitors have increased muscle size. They are being developed to treat obesity, sarcopenia, muscular dystrophy, and other illnesses.
However, other cells in the body such as pericytes and hematopoietic stem cells have all been shown to be able to contribute to muscle repair in a similar manner to the endogenous satellite cell. The advantage of using these cell types for therapy in muscle diseases is that they can be systemically delivered, autonomously migrating to the site ...
For instance, muscle mass is influenced by an individual’s biological sex, body weight, height, and body mass index (BMI). ... such as activin and myostatin, that inhibit muscle growth.
The definition and use of the term myokine first occurred in 2003. [5] In 2008, the first myokine, myostatin, was identified. [4] [6] The gp130 receptor cytokine IL-6 (Interleukin 6) was the first myokine found to be secreted into the blood stream in response to muscle contractions.
Myostatin-related muscle hypertrophy is a rare genetic condition characterized by reduced body fat and increased skeletal muscle size. [1] Affected individuals have up to twice the usual amount of muscle mass in their bodies, but increases in muscle strength are not usually congruent. [ 2 ]
Myostatin, a TGF-beta superfamily member, is a negative regulator of muscle growth. [1] Myostatin binds to ACVR2B and to a lesser extent ACVR2A. In mice that were ACVR2A −/− ( null ) mutants there was an increase in all four muscle groups studied ( pectoralis , triceps , quadriceps , and gastrocnemious / plantaris muscles). [ 1 ]
10468 14313 Ensembl ENSG00000134363 ENSMUSG00000021765 UniProt P19883 P47931 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_006350 NM_013409 NM_008046 NM_001301373 NM_001301375 RefSeq (protein) NP_006341 NP_037541 NP_001288302 NP_001288304 NP_032072 Location (UCSC) Chr 5: 53.48 – 53.49 Mb Chr 13: 114.59 – 114.6 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Follistatin, also known as activin-bindings protein ...