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The dorsal scapular nerve is a branch of the brachial plexus, usually derived from the ventral ramus of cervical nerve C5. It provides motor innervation to the rhomboid major muscle, rhomboid minor muscle, and levator scapulae muscle. Dorsal scapular nerve syndrome can cause a winged scapula, with pain and limited motion.
The back of the scapula (also called the dorsal or posterior surface) is arched from above downward, and is subdivided into two unequal parts by the spine of the scapula. The portion above the spine is called the supraspinous fossa, and that below it the infraspinous fossa.
The root of the spine of the scapula is the most medial part of the scapular spine. It is termed "triangular area of the spine of scapula", based on its triangular shape giving it distinguishable visible shape on x-ray images. [1] The root of the spine is on a level with the tip of the spinous process of the third thoracic vertebra. [2]
The radial nerve innervates the posterior muscles of the arm and forearm; Collateral branches of the brachial plexus: [13] The dorsal scapular nerve innervates rhomboid major, minor and levator scapulae. The long thoracic nerve innervates serratus anterior. The suprascapular nerve innervates supraspinatus and infraspinatus
The dorsal scapular artery anastomoses with the subscapular artery, providing an alternate route to the 3rd part of the axillary artery in the event of a slowly forming occlusion. The suprascapular artery branches off from the thyrocervical trunk, which in turn arises from the first part of the subclavian artery.
Posterior axillary line: A vertical line passing through the posterior axillary fold. Scapular line: A vertical line passing through the inferior angle of the scapula. Paravertebral line: A vertical line corresponding to the tips of the transverse processes of the vertebrae. Posterior median line; Other anatomical lines include:
It emerges between the posterior arch of the atlas and the lamina of the axis, below the Obliquus capitis inferior. It supplies a twig to this muscle, receives a communicating filament from the posterior division of the first cervical, and then divides into a large medial and a small lateral branch.
The rhomboid major is a skeletal muscle of the back that connects the scapula with the vertebrae of the spinal column. [1] It originates from the spinous processes of the thoracic vertebrae T2–T5 and supraspinous ligament; it inserts onto the lower portion of the medial border of the scapula. [2]