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Tin-silver-copper (Sn-Ag-Cu, also known as SAC), is a lead-free alloy commonly used for electronic solder.It is the main choice for lead-free surface-mount technology (SMT) assembly in the industry, [1] as it is near eutectic, with adequate thermal fatigue properties, strength, and wettability. [2]
Soldering copper pipes using a propane torch and a lead-free solder. Solder is a metallic material that is used to connect metal workpieces. The choice of specific solder alloys depends on their melting point, chemical reactivity, mechanical properties, toxicity, and other properties. Hence a wide range of solder alloys exist, and only major ...
A solder paste is essentially powdered solder suspended in flux paste. The tackiness of the flux holds components in place until the soldering reflow process melts the solder. As a result of environmental legislation, most solders today, including solder pastes, are made of lead-free alloys [citation needed].
Solderability when using lead-free alloys can differ significantly from solderability when using lead based alloys. Noble metals may be easy to solder but they have brittle joints. The metals in the good category require a large amount of heat therefore oxidation is an issue. To overcome this a flux is required.
The solder used in the process can vary in composition, with different alloys used for different applications. Common solder alloys include tin-lead, tin-silver, and tin-copper, among others. Lead-free solder has also become more widely used in recent years due to health and environmental concerns associated with the use of lead.
Most lead-free replacements for conventional 60/40 and 63/37 Sn-Pb solder have melting points from 50 to 200 °C higher, [17] though there are also solders with much lower melting points. Lead-free solder typically requires around 2% flux by mass for adequate wetting ability. [18]
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