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Korean consonants have three principal positional allophones: initial, medial (voiced), and final (checked). The initial form is found at the beginning of phonological words. The medial form is found in voiced environments, intervocalically (immediately between vowels), and after a voiced consonant such as n or l.
With 19 possible initial consonants, 21 possible medial (one- or two-letter) vowels, and 28 possible final consonants (of which one corresponds to the case of no final consonant), there are a total of 19 × 21 × 28 = 11,172 theoretically possible "Korean syllable letters" (Korean: 글자; RR: geulja; lit.
U+1161–U+1175: 21 modern Hangul vowel jamos; U+11A8–U+11C2: 27 modern Hangul trailing consonant jamos; all other jamos (shown in the tables below without the highlighting background) are obsolete; they are not used in modern Korean (some Korean input methods or keyboard layout may not allow entering them).
The chart below shows names used in South Korea for consonants of the Korean alphabet. The letters are arranged in the South Korean alphabetic order, and the letter names are romanised in the Revised Romanization system, which is the official romanization system of South Korea. The tense consonants are described with the word 쌍 ssang meaning ...
This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Korean on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Korean in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them.
The current orthography was issued and established by Korean Ministry of Culture in 1998. The first of it is Hunminjungeum (훈민정음). In everyday conversation, 한글 맞춤법 is referred to as 맞춤법. It consists of six chapters, along with an appendix: Chapter 1: 총칙 (General Rule) Chapter 2: 자모 (Consonants and Vowels)
The letters for the yin vowels were ㅡ ɨ, ㅜ u, ㅓ ə; dots, if present, were placed in the yin directions of down and left. The yang vowel letters were ㆍ ʌ, ㅗ o, and ㅏ a, with the dots in the yang directions of up and right. Of these seven vowel sounds, three could not be iotized (preceded by a y-sound).
However, in the case before a vowel, both consonants are written: [5]: 5 붉은바위 → Pulgŭnbawi; 앉은바위 → Anjŭnbawi; The soft voiceless consonants between vowels ㄱ, ㄷ, and ㅂ and those between resonant sounds and vowels are transcribed as g, d, and b. [5]: 4 Final consonants may undergo assimilation before resonants.