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The Richter scale [1] (/ ˈ r ɪ k t ər /), also called the Richter magnitude scale, Richter's magnitude scale, and the Gutenberg–Richter scale, [2] is a measure of the strength of earthquakes, developed by Charles Richter in collaboration with Beno Gutenberg, and presented in Richter's landmark 1935 paper, where he called it the "magnitude scale". [3]
The first scale for measuring earthquake magnitudes, developed in 1935 by Charles F. Richter and popularly known as the "Richter" scale, is actually the Local magnitude scale, label ML or M L. [11] Richter established two features now common to all magnitude scales.
As with the Richter scale, an increase of one step on the logarithmic scale of moment magnitude corresponds to a 10 1.5 ≈ 32 times increase in the amount of energy released, and an increase of two steps corresponds to a 10 3 = 1000 times increase in energy.
Parts of Scotland were hit by an earthquake. The earthquake, measuring 2.1ML on the Richter scale, hit Morvern in the Highlands just before 3.30pm.
Richter magnitude" appears to have originated when Perry Byerly told the press that the scale was Richter's and "should be referred to as such." [ 19 ] In 1956, Gutenberg and Richter, while still referring to "magnitude scale", labelled it "local magnitude", with the symbol M L , to distinguish it from two other scales they had developed, the ...
Charles Francis Richter (/ ˈ r ɪ k t ər /; April 26, 1900 – September 30, 1985) was an American seismologist and physicist.He is the namesake and one of the creators of the Richter scale, which, until the development of the moment magnitude scale in 1979, was widely used to quantify the size of earthquakes.
In 1902, Italian seismologist Giuseppe Mercalli, created the Mercalli Scale, a new 12-grade scale. Significant improvements were achieved, mainly by Charles Francis Richter during the 1950s, when (1) a correlation was found between seismic intensity and the Peak ground acceleration (PGA; see the equation that Richter found for California).
The 1906 earthquake preceded the development of the Richter scale by three decades. The most widely accepted estimate for the magnitude of the quake on the modern moment magnitude scale is 7.9; [1] values from 7.7 to as high as 8.3 have been proposed. [8]