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The terminology which is used for the phenomenon of political Islam differs among experts. Martin Kramer was one of the first experts to start using the term political Islam in 1980. In 2003, he stated that political Islam can also be seen as tautology because nowhere in the Muslim world is a religion separated from politics.
Political aspects of Islam are derived from the Quran, ḥadīth literature, and sunnah (accounts of the sayings and living habits attributed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad during his lifetime), [1] the history of Islam, and elements of political movements outside Islam. [2] The political suggestions of Islam are a series of arguments ...
Islamism refers to religious and political ideological movements that believe that Islam should influence political systems. [1] Its proponents believe Islam is innately political, and that Islam as a political system is superior to communism, liberal democracy, capitalism, and other alternatives in achieving a just, successful society. [2]
Former leader Mahmoud Jibril has said the NFA is a moderate Islamic movement that recognises the importance of Islam in political life and favours Sharia as the basis of the law. [62] The United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) is the dominant party of Malaysia since that country's independence in 1957.
The religio-political ideology of Islamism (also often called political Islam or Islamic fundamentalism) [1] which has "arguably altered the Middle East more than any trend since the modern states gained independence", redefining "politics and even borders" (according to at least one observer (author Robin Wright), [2] is active in many countries around the world.
The Islamic concept of sovereignty differs from the western principles of international custom and law established by the Treaty of Westphalia.An important element of this is the Ummah — the community of Muslims as a whole.
Secularism is an ambiguous concept that can be understood to refer to a number of policies and ideas—anticlericalism, atheism, state neutrality toward religion, the separation of religion from state, banishment of religious symbols from the public sphere, or disestablishment (separation of church and state, [4] although Islam has no institution corresponding to this sense of "church"). [1]
In the book Political Islam: Religion and Politics in the Arab World (1994), the author N. Ayubi explained what he believes to be the two main concerns of Islamic political movements and extremist groups in the Middle East: The Western belief in a bureaucratic state; and; The secular values and beliefs associated with concepts such as modernity ...