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An imaginary number is the product of a real number and the imaginary unit i, [note 1] which is defined by its property i 2 = −1. [1] [2] The square of an imaginary number bi is −b 2. For example, 5i is an imaginary number, and its square is −25. The number zero is considered to be both real and imaginary. [3]
All rational numbers are real, but the converse is not true. Irrational numbers (): Real numbers that are not rational. Imaginary numbers: Numbers that equal the product of a real number and the imaginary unit , where =. The number 0 is both real and imaginary.
A real number a can be regarded as a complex number a + 0i, whose imaginary part is 0. A purely imaginary number bi is a complex number 0 + bi, whose real part is zero. As with polynomials, it is common to write a + 0i = a, 0 + bi = bi, and a + (−b)i = a − bi; for example, 3 + (−4)i = 3 − 4i.
The name imaginary is generally credited to René Descartes, and Isaac Newton used the term as early as 1670. [2] [3] The i notation was introduced by Leonhard Euler. [4] A unit is an undivided whole, and unity or the unit number is the number one (1).
The name "transcendental" comes from Latin trānscendere 'to climb over or beyond, surmount', [7] and was first used for the mathematical concept in Leibniz's 1682 paper in which he proved that sin x is not an algebraic function of x. [8] Euler, in the eighteenth century, was probably the first person to define transcendental numbers in the ...
Real numbers lie on the horizontal axis, and imaginary numbers lie on the vertical axis. The imaginary unit or unit imaginary number, denoted as i, is a mathematical concept which extends the real number system to the complex number system . The imaginary unit's core property is that i 2 = −1.
Imaginary time is a mathematical representation of time that appears in some approaches to special relativity and quantum mechanics. It finds uses in certain cosmological theories. Mathematically, imaginary time is real time which has undergone a Wick rotation so that its coordinates are multiplied by the imaginary unit i.
A list of articles about numbers (not about numerals). Topics include powers of ten, notable integers, prime and cardinal numbers, and the myriad system.