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  2. Fraley syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraley_syndrome

    Fraley syndrome is a condition where the superior infundibulum of the upper calyx of the kidney is obstructed by the crossing renal (upper or middle section) artery branch, causing distension and dilatation of the calyx and presenting clinically as haematuria and nephralgia (ipsilateral flank pain).

  3. Renal calyx - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_calyx

    The renal calyces (sg. calyx) are conduits in the kidney through which urine passes. The minor calyces form a cup-shaped drain around the apex of the renal pyramids.Urine formed in the kidney passes through a renal papilla at the apex into the minor calyx; four or five minor calyces converge to form a major calyx through which urine passes into the renal pelvis (which in turn drains urine out ...

  4. Calyx (anatomy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calyx_(anatomy)

    Either a minor calyx in the kidney, a conglomeration of two or three minor calyces to form a major calyx, or the Calyx of Held, a particularly large synapse in the mammalian auditory central nervous system, named by H. Held in his 1893 article Die centrale Gehörleitung, [3] due to its flower-petal-like shape.

  5. Kidney stone disease - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney_stone_disease

    Treatment of kidney stones in children is similar to treatments for adults, including shock wave lithotripsy, medication, and treatment using scope through the bladder, kidney or skin. [129] Of these treatments, research is uncertain if shock waves are more effective than medication or a scope through the bladder, but it is likely less ...

  6. Warning sign of type 2 diabetes: 7 ways to reverse prediabetes

    www.aol.com/warning-sign-type-2-diabetes...

    Approximately 38.4 million Americans had been diagnosed with diabetes as of 2021 — but about three times that many are in danger of developing the disease, even if they don’t know it. Nearly ...

  7. Hydronephrosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydronephrosis

    The signs and symptoms of hydronephrosis depend upon whether the obstruction is acute or chronic, partial or complete, unilateral or bilateral. Hydronephrosis that occurs acutely with sudden onset (as caused by a kidney stone ) can cause intense pain in the flank area (between the hips and ribs) known as a renal colic .

  8. Renal hypoplasia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_hypoplasia

    Renal hypoplasia is a congenital abnormality in which one or both of the kidneys are smaller than normal, [5] resulting in a reduced nephron number [1] but with normal morphology.

  9. Calyx of Held - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calyx_of_held

    Calyx of Held microstructure. The calyx of Held is a particularly large excitatory synapse in the mammalian auditory nervous system, so named after Hans Held who first described it in his 1893 article Die centrale Gehörleitung [1] [2] because of its resemblance to the calyx of a flower. [3]