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Anencephaly is the absence of a major portion of the brain, skull, and scalp that occurs during embryonic development. [1] It is a cephalic disorder that results from a neural tube defect that occurs when the rostral (head) end of the neural tube fails to close, usually between the 23rd and 26th day following conception. [ 2 ]
CM can sometimes lead to non-communicating hydrocephalus [8] as a result of obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) outflow. [9] The CSF outflow is caused by phase difference in outflow and influx of blood in the vasculature of the brain. The malformation is named after the Austrian pathologist Hans Chiari.
An elevated MSAFP measured at 16–18 weeks gestation is a good predictor of open neural tube defects, however the test has a very high false positive rate, (2% of all women tested in Ontario, Canada between 1993 and 2000 tested positive without having an open neural tube defect, although 5% is the commonly quoted result worldwide) and only a ...
Causes of lissencephaly can include viral infections of the uterus or the fetus during the first trimester, [6] or insufficient blood supply to the fetal brain early in pregnancy. There are also a number of genetic causes of lissencephaly, including mutation of the reelin gene (on chromosome 7 ), [ 7 ] as well as other genes on the X chromosome ...
Agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) is a rare birth defect in which there is a complete or partial absence of the corpus callosum.It occurs when the development of the corpus callosum, the band of white matter connecting the two hemispheres in the brain, in the embryo is disrupted.
The deformed brain is a preserved specimen estimated to be more than 2,000 years old. There's no evidence it's appearance is related to alcohol use.
A new study found that in about 10% cases of multiple sclerosis, the body begins producing a distinctive set of antibodies against its own proteins years before symptoms emerge. “Multiple ...
Ultrasound examination may also detect the problem. Medical imaging can confirm the diagnosis after birth. [5] Spina bifida is a type of neural tube defect related to but distinct from other types such as anencephaly and encephalocele. [13] Most cases of spina bifida can be prevented if the mother gets enough folate before and during pregnancy. [3]