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The Toba Catastrophe also coincides with the disappearance of the Skhul and Qafzeh hominins. [98] Evidence from pollen analysis has suggested prolonged deforestation in South Asia, and some researchers have suggested that the Toba eruption may have forced humans to adopt new adaptive strategies, which may have permitted them to replace ...
Long lasting volcanic winters following the Toba catastrophe have been hypothesised to have killed every human not living in Africa at the time. [1] 535–536: Extreme weather events of 535–536: The most severe cooling in the Northern Hemisphere in the last 2,000 years, likely caused crop failures and freezing for everyone in western Europe ...
Eruptions the size of that at Lake Toba 74,000 years ago, at least 2,800 cubic kilometres (670 cu mi), or the Yellowstone eruption 620,000 years ago, around 1,000 cubic kilometres (240 cu mi), occur worldwide every 50,000 to 100,000 years.
The controversial Toba catastrophe theory, presented in the late 1990s to early 2000s, suggested that a bottleneck of the human population occurred approximately 75,000 years ago, proposing that the human population was reduced to perhaps 10,000–30,000 individuals [14] when the Toba supervolcano in Indonesia erupted and triggered a major ...
Year Disaster event Notes; disaster type, people killed, region affected, etc. 75,000–70,000 BP: Prolonged volcanic winter: Long lasting volcanic winters following the Toba catastrophe have been hypothesised to have killed every human not living in Africa at the time.
Satellite image of Lake Toba, the site of a VEI 8 eruption c. 75,000 years ago Cross-section through Long Valley Caldera. Supervolcanoes occur when magma in the mantle rises into the crust but is unable to break through it. Pressure builds in a large and growing magma pool until the crust is unable to contain the pressure and ruptures.
The Toba eruption (the Toba event) occurred at what is now Lake Toba about 73,700±300 years ago. [15] It was the last in a series of at least four caldera-forming eruptions at this location, with the earlier known caldera having formed around 1.2 million years ago. [16]
Toba catastrophe hypothesis, hypothesis that the Toba supervolcanic eruption caused a global volcanic winter and 1,000-year-long cooling episode; Ultraviolet catastrophe, the prediction by classical physics that a black body will emit radiation at infinite power