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Bose's "error" leads to what is now called Bose–Einstein statistics. Bose and Einstein extended the idea to atoms and this led to the prediction of the existence of phenomena which became known as Bose–Einstein condensate, a dense collection of bosons (which are particles with integer spin, named after Bose), which was demonstrated to exist ...
Bose first sent a paper to Einstein on the quantum statistics of light quanta (now called photons), in which he derived Planck's quantum radiation law without any reference to classical physics. Einstein was impressed, translated the paper himself from English to German and submitted it for Bose to the Zeitschrift für Physik , which published ...
Bosons are quantum mechanical particles that follow Bose–Einstein statistics, or equivalently, that possess integer spin.These particles can be classified as elementary: these are the Higgs boson, the photon, the gluon, the W/Z and the hypothetical graviton; or composite like the atom of hydrogen, the atom of 16 O, the nucleus of deuterium, mesons etc. Additionally, some quasiparticles in ...
Photon statistics is the theoretical and experimental study of the statistical distributions produced in ... Comparison of the Poisson and Bose-Einstein distributions
Quantum particles are either bosons (following Bose–Einstein statistics) or fermions (subject to the Pauli exclusion principle, following instead Fermi–Dirac statistics). Both of these quantum statistics approach the Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics in the limit of high temperature and low particle density.
Particle statistics is a particular description of multiple particles in statistical mechanics.A key prerequisite concept is that of a statistical ensemble (an idealization comprising the state space of possible states of a system, each labeled with a probability) that emphasizes properties of a large system as a whole at the expense of knowledge about parameters of separate particles.
All known particles obey either Fermi–Dirac statistics or Bose–Einstein statistics. A particle's intrinsic spin always predicts the statistics of a collection of such particles and conversely: [3] integral-spin particles are bosons with Bose–Einstein statistics, half-integral-spin particles are fermions with Fermi–Dirac statistics.
Similarly the Bose–Einstein correlations between two neutral pions are somewhat stronger than those between two identically charged ones: in other words two neutral pions are “more identical” than two negative (positive) pions. The surprising nature of these special Bose–Einstein correlations effects made headlines in the literature. [5]