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A metric ISO screw thread is designated by the letter M followed by the value of the nominal diameter D (the maximum thread diameter) and the pitch P, both expressed in millimetres and separated by a dash or sometimes the multiplication sign, × (e.g. M8-1.25 or M8×1.25). If the pitch is the normally used "coarse" pitch listed in ISO 261 or ...
Example (inch, fine): For 7 ⁄ 16-20 (same diameter as the previous example, but this time with 20 threads per inch, which is considered fine), 0.437 in × 0.90 = 0.393 in (i.e., if the threads are to be fine, then a slightly larger diameter drill bit should be used before tapping the hole for the screw).
They were mostly unified in 1898 by the International Congress for the standardization of screw threads at Zürich, which defined the new international metric thread standards as having the same profile as the Sellers thread, but with metric sizes.
For example, the major diameter of a #10 screw is 10 × 0.013 in + 0.060 in = 0.190 in. To calculate the major diameter of "aught" size screws count the number of extra zeroes and multiply this number by 0.013 in and subtract from 0.060 in.
A few sizes are close enough to interchange for most purposes, such as 19 mm (close to 3 ⁄ 4 inch (19.05 mm)), 8 mm (close to 5 ⁄ 16 inch (7.94 mm)) and 4 mm (close to 5 ⁄ 32 inch (3.97 mm)). In reality, a wrench with a width across the flats of exactly 15 mm would fit too tightly to use on a bolt with a width across the flats of 15 mm.
The bottom M3 screw has a finer pitch than the top #6-32 UNC screw. The M3 is a metric screw specifying a nominal diameter of 3 millimetres (0.12 in); and standard coarse thread pitch defined as 0.5 millimetres (0.020 in). The M3 is the second most common screw found in PCs.
Machine screws with different thread diameters Hex key set with metric sizes from 2 mm to 10 mm according to sizes for use with ISO 262 screw sizes (except 3.5 mm for M6 internal set screw) For each size bolt or screw and type of head, there is a corresponding size driver prescribed by various ISO standards, including:
ISO general-purpose screw threads—Basic profile—Part 2: Inch screw threads: V Thread Form ISO 261:1998: ISO general purpose metric screw threads—General plan: V Thread Form: M6x1 ISO 262:1998: ISO general purpose metric screw threads—Selected sizes for screws, bolts and nuts: V Thread Form ISO 724:1993
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