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The earliest written sources of Western European music can be found in medieval manuscripts of the late 9th century that contain liturgical texts. [1] Above these texts small symbols indicated the shape of the melodic lines. Only a few manuscripts survive from that time. New systems were devised over the centuries. [2]
The Portable Document Format (PDF) was created by Adobe Systems, introduced at the Windows and OS/2 Conference in January 1993 and remained a proprietary format until it was released as an open standard in 2008. Since then, it has been under the control of an International Organization for Standardization (ISO) committee of industry experts.
Braille music is a complete, well developed, and internationally accepted musical notation system that has symbols and notational conventions quite independent of print music notation. It is linear in nature, similar to a printed language and different from the two-dimensional nature of standard printed music notation.
At first, potato chips were packaged in barrels or tins, which left chips at the bottom stale and crumbled. In the 1920s, Laura Scudder, [31] [32] [33] an entrepreneur in Monterey Park, California, started having her workers take home sheets of wax paper to iron into the form of bags, which were filled with chips at her factory the next day ...
The 7-note system as used in a modern Independent Fundamental Baptist church hymnal from the South. The 7-note system as used in a traditional tunebook (the Christian Harmony). The system illustrated above is a four-shape system; six of the notes of
Writing systems are used to record human language, and may be classified according to certain common features.. The usual name of the script is given first; the name of the languages in which the script is written follows (in brackets), particularly in the case where the language name differs from the script name.
Sheet music enables instrumental performers who are able to read music notation (a pianist, orchestral instrument players, a jazz band, etc.) or singers to perform a song or piece. Music students use sheet music to learn about different styles and genres of music. The intended purpose of an edition of sheet music affects its design and layout.
Musical films were another important precursor to a music video, and several well-known music videos have imitated the style of classic Hollywood musicals from the 1930s–50s. One of the best-known examples is Madonna's 1985 video for " Material Girl " (directed by Mary Lambert ) [ 7 ] which was closely modelled on Jack Cole 's staging of ...