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Fourth powers are also formed by multiplying a number by its cube. Furthermore, they are squares of squares. Some people refer to n 4 as n tesseracted, hypercubed, zenzizenzic, biquadrate or supercubed instead of “to the power of 4”. The sequence of fourth powers of integers, known as biquadrates or tesseractic numbers, is:
It follows from the first equality that 2 7 × 5 ≡ −1 (mod 641) and therefore (raising to the fourth power) that 2 28 × 5 4 ≡ 1 (mod 641). On the other hand, the second equality implies that 5 4 ≡ −2 4 (mod 641). These congruences imply that 2 32 ≡ −1 (mod 641).
Powers of 2 appear in set theory, since a set with n members has a power set, the set of all of its subsets, which has 2 n members. Integer powers of 2 are important in computer science. The positive integer powers 2 n give the number of possible values for an n-bit integer binary number; for example, a byte may take 2 8 = 256 different values.
The Stefan–Boltzmann law gives the power emitted per unit area of the emitting body, = (,) Note that the cosine appears because black bodies are Lambertian (i.e. they obey Lambert's cosine law ), meaning that the intensity observed along the sphere will be the actual intensity times the cosine of the zenith angle.
The term hyperpower [4] is a natural combination of hyper and power, which aptly describes tetration. The problem lies in the meaning of hyper with respect to the hyperoperation sequence. When considering hyperoperations, the term hyper refers to all ranks, and the term super refers to rank 4, or tetration.
Numbers of the form 31·16 n always require 16 fourth powers. 68 578 904 422 is the last known number that requires 9 fifth powers (Integer sequence S001057, Tony D. Noe, Jul 04 2017), 617 597 724 is the last number less than 1.3 × 10 9 that requires 10 fifth powers, and 51 033 617 is the last number less than 1.3 × 10 9 that requires 11.
In arithmetic and algebra, the fifth power or sursolid [1] of a number n is the result of multiplying five instances of n together: n 5 = n × n × n × n × n. Fifth powers are also formed by multiplying a number by its fourth power, or the square of a number by its cube. The sequence of fifth powers of integers is:
In mathematics and statistics, sums of powers occur in a number of contexts: . Sums of squares arise in many contexts. For example, in geometry, the Pythagorean theorem involves the sum of two squares; in number theory, there are Legendre's three-square theorem and Jacobi's four-square theorem; and in statistics, the analysis of variance involves summing the squares of quantities.