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CBC-R [8] turns a decryption oracle into an encryption oracle, and is primarily demonstrated against padding oracles. Using padding oracle attack CBC-R can craft an initialization vector and ciphertext block for any plaintext: decrypt any ciphertext P i = PODecrypt( C i) ⊕ C i−1, select previous cipherblock C x−1 freely,
AES speed at 128, 192 and 256-bit key sizes. [clarification needed] [citation needed] Rijndael is free for any use public or private, commercial or non-commercial. [1] The authors of Rijndael used to provide a homepage [2] for the algorithm. Care should be taken when implementing AES in software, in particular around side-channel attacks.
For CBC ciphertext stealing, there is a clever (but opaque) method of implementing the described ciphertext stealing process using a standard CBC interface. Using this method imposes a performance penalty in the decryption stage of one extra block decryption operation over what would be necessary using a dedicated implementation.
AES-GCM-SIV is an improvement over the very similarly named algorithm GCM-SIV, with a few very small changes (e.g. how AES-CTR is initialized), but which yields practical benefits to its security "This addition allows for encrypting up to 2 50 messages with the same key, compared to the significant limitation of only 2 32 messages that were ...
In cryptography, an initialization vector (IV) or starting variable [1] is an input to a cryptographic primitive being used to provide the initial state. The IV is typically required to be random or pseudorandom, but sometimes an IV only needs to be unpredictable or unique.
This table denotes, if a cryptography library provides the technical requisites for FIPS 140, and the status of their FIPS 140 certification (according to NIST's CMVP search, [27] modules in process list [28] and implementation under test list).
EAX mode (encrypt-then-authenticate-then-translate [1]) is a mode of operation for cryptographic block ciphers. It is an Authenticated Encryption with Associated Data algorithm designed to simultaneously provide both authentication and privacy of the message (authenticated encryption) with a two-pass scheme, one pass for achieving privacy and one for authenticity for each block.
Each corresponds to a mathematical model that can be used to prove properties of higher-level algorithms, such as CBC. This general approach to cryptography – proving higher-level algorithms (such as CBC) are secure under explicitly stated assumptions regarding their components (such as a block cipher) – is known as provable security.