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Starting from when someone reaches the age of 30, Medicare Part B and Medicare Advantage plans will cover HPV testing along with a Pap test once every 5 years. This lasts until a person is over ...
“We are highlighting that HPV screening, as the primary screening for women ages 30 to 65, is the best balance between the benefits and the harms in finding cervical cancer, and that should be ...
Another test is specific for DNA from HPV types 16 and 18, the two types that cause most HPV-associated cancers. A third test can detect DNA from several high-risk HPV types and can indicate whether HPV-16 or HPV-18 is present. A fourth test detects RNA from the most common high-risk HPV types.
The two screening methods available are the Pap smear and testing for HPV. CIN is usually discovered by a screening test, the Pap smear. The purpose of this test is to detect potentially precancerous changes through random sampling of the transformation zone. Pap smear results may be reported using the Bethesda system (see above).
Some people can have elevated levels of p16 but test negative for HPV and vice versa. This is known as discordant cancer. The 5-year survival for people who test positive for HPV and p16 is 81%, for discordant cancer it is 53 – 55%, and 40% for those who test negative for p16 and HPV. [208] [209]
The FDA has given the green light to a self-collection solution to test for HPV, making it one of the easiest options available in the U.S. for identifying those at risk of cervical cancer.
The Pap test can be used as a screening test but produces a false negative in up to 50% of cases of cervical cancer. [58] [59] Another concern is the cost of doing Pap tests, which makes them unaffordable in many areas of the world. [60] Confirmation of the diagnosis of cervical cancer or precancer requires a biopsy of the cervix.
However, some people can have elevated levels of p16 but test negative for HPV and vice versa. This is known as discordant cancer. The 5-year survival for people who test positive for HPV and p16 is 81%, for discordant cancer it is 53–55%, and 40% for those who test negative for p16 and HPV. [33] [34]
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