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The Ming Veritable Records [1] or Ming Shilu (traditional Chinese: 明實錄; simplified Chinese: 明实录; lit. 'Veritable Records of Ming'), contains the imperial annals of the emperors of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644). It is the single largest historical source of information on the dynasty.
By the mid-Ming era, it existed only as a formal tax registration system, [57] and in the 16th century, the li took on the character of a territorial unit, merging with the counties. [ 69 ] From the mid-Ming period, [ 74 ] the baojia ( 保甲 ) system ran parallel to the lijia system, with ten households forming a jia and ten jia forming a bao .
A memorial, most commonly zouyi, was the most important form of document sent by an official to the emperor.In the early dynasties, the terms and formats of the memorial were fluid, but by the Ming dynasty, codes and statutes specified what terminology could be used by what level of official in what particular type of document dealing with what particular type of problem.
The earliest Veritable Records were those compiled under the direction of Zhou Xingsi (周興嗣, 469–521) for the reign of the Emperor Wu of Liang (r. 502–549), [2] but the practice of writing Veritable Records did not become standardized until the reign of the Emperor Taizong of Tang (r. 626–649), who was obsessed with his historical legacy.
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The Great Ming Code was the legal code of the Ming dynasty, focused primarily on criminal law. It was created at the direction of the dynasty’s founder, the Hongwu Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, in the late 14th century, as part of broader social and political reforms.
During the Ming dynasty, civil service officials were classified into nine grades, each grade subdivided into two degrees, extending from grade 1a at the top to grade 9b at the bottom. [10] For example, the top-ranking, non-functional civil service posts of the Three Councillors of State had rank 1a, [ 11 ] so did the office of Chancellor. [ 12 ]
The Imperial Clan Court or Court of the Imperial Clan was an institution responsible for all matters pertaining to the imperial family under the Ming and Qing dynasties of imperial China. [1] This institution also existed under the Nguyễn dynasty of Vietnam where it managed matters pertaining to the Nguyễn Phúc clan .