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Polls conducted by Gallup and PEW in Muslim-majority countries indicate that most Muslims see no contradiction between democratic values and religious principles, desiring neither a theocracy, nor a secular democracy, but rather a political model where democratic institutions and values can coexist with the values and principles of Islam. [3 ...
Arabia united under Muhammad (7th century CE) according to traditional accounts Islamic studies do not reveal a specific Islamic religious identity and political attitude with sharp boundaries for early period; [15] The Rāshidūn caliphs used Sasanian symbols (Star and crescent, Fire temple, depictions of the last emperor Khosrow II) by adding the Arabic bismillāh on their coins. [16]
A caliph is the supreme religious and political leader of an Islamic state known as the caliphate. [1] [2] Caliphs (also known as 'Khalifas') led the Muslim Ummah as political successors to the Islamic prophet Muhammad, [3] and widely-recognised caliphates have existed in various forms for most of Islamic history.
After graduating from high school, he attended to Universitas Nasional and became a chairman of Himpunan Mahasiswa Islam. [1] After he obtained a baccalaureate , he continued to Cornell University and became the first Indonesian that obtained Ph.D. degree in political science through a dissertation titled The Modernist Muslim Movement in ...
Martin Kramer was one of the first experts to start using the term political Islam in 1980. In 2003, he stated that political Islam can also be seen as tautology because nowhere in the Muslim world is a religion separated from politics. [5] [6] Some experts use terms like Islamism, pointing out the same set of occurrences or they confuse both ...
A caliphate (Arabic: خِلَافَةْ, romanized: khilāfah) is an institution or public office under the leadership of an Islamic steward with the title of caliph [1] [2] [3] (/ ˈ k æ l ɪ f, ˈ k eɪ-/; خَلِيفَةْ khalīfa [xæ'liːfæh], pronunciation ⓘ), a person considered a political–religious successor to the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a leader of the entire Muslim ...
This is a list of political parties espousing Islam as its main identity without principal adherence to the particular ideology of political Islam, or taking a theological position of wasat which advocates for politico-religious centrism, Islamic democracy, Third Way, progressivism and liberalism.
An Introduction to Shi'i Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shi'ism. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-03531-5. Levy, Reuben (1957). The Social Structure of Islam. UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-09182-4. Muhammad Husayn Tabatabaei (2002). Islamic teachings: An Overview and a Glance at the Life of the Holy Prophet of ...