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Venera 8 (Russian: Венера-8 meaning Venus 8) was a probe in the Soviet Venera program for the exploration of Venus and was the second robotic space probe to conduct a successful landing on the surface of Venus. [2] Venera 8 was a Venus atmospheric probe and lander.
Venera 4 was the first successful probe, and showed that CO 2 is the main component in Venus' atmosphere. [15] [5] Venera 7 found the temperature and pressure data as well as the atmospheric composition. [5] [16] Venera 8 measured the K, U, and Th on the surface through gamma-ray analysis. [5]
Venera 14 (4V-1M No.761) 4 November 1981: Lavochkin Soviet Union: Flyby/Lander Successful Lander landed on 5 March 1982. Proton-K/D-1: Venera 15 (4V-2 No.860) 2 June 1983: Lavochkin Soviet Union: Orbiter Successful Entered orbit 10 October 1983, operated until July 1984 Proton-K/D-1: Venera 16 (4V-2 No.861) 7 June 1983: Lavochkin Soviet Union ...
Venera 1 (Russian: Венера-1 meaning Venus 1), also known as Venera-1VA No.2 and occasionally in the West as Sputnik 8, was the first spacecraft to perform an interplanetary flight and the first to fly past Venus, as part of the Soviet Union's Venera programme. [1]
The 3MV planetary probe (short for 3rd generation Mars-Venus) is a designation for a common design used by early Soviet unmanned probes to Mars and Venus. [1] It was an incremental improvement of earlier 2MV probes and was used for Zond 1, Zond 2 and Zond 3 missions to Mars as well as several Venera probes.
[36] [37] Venera 7 remained in contact with Earth for 23 minutes, relaying surface temperatures of 455 to 475 °C (851 to 887 °F), and an atmospheric pressure of 92 bar. [38] Venera 8 landed on July 22, 1972. In addition to pressure and temperature profiles, a photometer showed that the clouds of Venus formed a layer ending over 35 kilometres ...
Artificial object Image Country Landing date Landing mass Coordinates Venera 3: Soviet Academy of Sciences Soviet Union March 1, 1966 377 kg (831 lb) [a 1]: Venera 4: Soviet Academy of Sciences Soviet Union: October 18, 1967 : 377 kg (831 lb) : Venera 5: Soviet Academy of Sciences Soviet Union: May 16, 1969 : 410 kg (900 lb) : Venera 6: Soviet Academy of Sciences Soviet Union: May 17, 1969 : ...
Venera 9 was the first probe to send back television pictures (black and white) from the Venusian surface, showing no shadows, no apparent dust in the air, and a variety of 30 to 40 cm (12 to 16 in) rocks which were not eroded. Planned 360-degree panoramic pictures could not be taken because one of two camera lens covers failed to come off ...