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For example, the United States National Electrical Code, Table 310.15(B)(16), specifies that up to three 8 AWG copper wires having a common insulating material (THWN) in a raceway, cable, or direct burial has an ampacity of 50 A when the ambient air is 30 °C, the conductor surface temperature allowed to be 75 °C. A single insulated conductor ...
For wire sizes smaller than AWG No. 2 (33.6 mm 2, 0.0521 sq in), this term is also generally regarded as insignificant. R c , a {\textstyle R_{c,a}} is the effective thermal resistance between the conductor and the ambient conditions, which can require significant empirical or theoretical effort to estimate.
Comparison of SWG (red), AWG (blue) and IEC 60228 (black) wire gauge sizes from 0.03 to 200 mm² to scale on a 1 mm grid – in the SVG file, hover over a size to highlight it. In engineering applications, it is often most convenient to describe a wire in terms of its cross-section area, rather than its diameter, because the cross section is directly proportional to its strength and weight ...
(E.g. 1 mm diameter wire is ≈18 AWG, 2 mm diameter wire is ≈12 AWG, and 4 mm diameter wire is ≈6 AWG.) This quadruples the cross-sectional area and conductance. A decrease of ten gauge numbers (E.g. from 24 AWG to 14 AWG) multiplies the area, weight, and conductance by approximately 10.
The neutral wire is identified by gray or white insulated wire, perhaps using stripes or markings. With lamp cord wire the ribbed wire is the neutral, and the smooth wire is the hot. NEC 2008 400.22(f) allows surface marking with ridged, grooves or white stripes on the surface of lamp cord.
A full-load wire does heat up slightly due to the metallic resistance of the wire, but this wire heating is factored into the cable's temperature rating. (NEC 310.10) [ 12 ] The NEC specifies acceptable numbers of conductors in crowded areas such as inside conduit, referred to as the fill rating .
IEC 60228, the metric wire-size standard used in most parts of the world. Circular mil, Electrical industry standard for wires larger than 4/0. American Wire Gauge (AWG), used primarily in the US and Canada; Standard Wire Gauge (SWG), the British imperial standard BS3737; Jewelry wire gauge; Body jewelry sizes
IEC 60121 Recommendation for commercial annealed aluminium electrical conductor wire; IEC 60122 Quartz crystal units of assessed quality; IEC 60127 Miniature fuses; IEC 60130 Connectors for frequencies below 3 MHz; IEC 60134 Rating systems for electronic tubes and valves and analogous semiconductor devices