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Human brain in the coronal orientation. Amygdalae are shown in dark red. The amygdala (/ ə ˈ m ɪ ɡ d ə l ə /; pl.: amygdalae / ə ˈ m ɪ ɡ d ə l i,-l aɪ / or amygdalas; also corpus amygdaloideum; Latin from Greek, ἀμυγδαλή, amygdalē, 'almond', 'tonsil' [1]) is a paired nuclear complex present in the cerebral hemispheres of vertebrates.
He postulated the limbic system as the brain's center of emotions, including the hippocampus and amygdala. Developing observations made by Papez, he hypothesized that the limbic system had evolved in early mammals to control fight-or-flight responses and react to both emotionally pleasurable and painful sensations.
Neuronal activity in the central nucleus of the amygdala was found to be a critical brain substrate for incubation of methamphetamine craving as well as neurobiological responses to ethanol. [3] [20] [21] [22] Neurons in the central nucleus of the amygdala were found to respond to, and control, predatory hunting. [23]
Amygdala (limbic system) (limbic lobe) Central nucleus (autonomic nervous system) Medial nucleus (accessory olfactory system) Cortical and basomedial nuclei (main olfactory system) Lateral and basolateral nuclei (frontotemporal cortical system) Extended amygdala. Stria terminalis. Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis; Claustrum; Basal ganglia ...
The striatum (pl.: striata) or corpus striatum [5] is a cluster of interconnected nuclei that make up the largest structure of the subcortical basal ganglia. [6] The striatum is a critical component of the motor and reward systems; receives glutamatergic and dopaminergic inputs from different sources; and serves as the primary input to the rest of the basal ganglia.
The human brain is the central organ of the nervous system, and with the spinal cord, comprises the central nervous system. It consists of the cerebrum, the brainstem and the cerebellum. The brain controls most of the activities of the body, processing, integrating, and coordinating the information it receives from the sensory nervous system ...
The central nucleus can be thought of as the exit of the amygdaloid bodies through which the bodily responses that are associated with fear leave the amygdala. [12] It is the most peptide-rich region of the brain. [8] The amygdalofugal pathway connects the central nucleus of the amygdala to the brainstem.
The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) is a part of the prefrontal cortex in the mammalian brain.The ventral medial prefrontal is located in the frontal lobe at the bottom of the cerebral hemispheres and is implicated in the processing of risk and fear, as it is critical in the regulation of amygdala activity in humans. [2]