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Chylomicron structure ApoA, ApoB, ApoC, ApoE (apolipoproteins); T (triacylglycerol); C (cholesterol); green (phospholipids). Chylomicrons transport lipids absorbed from the intestine to adipose, cardiac, and skeletal muscle tissue, where their triglyceride components are hydrolyzed by the activity of the lipoprotein lipase, allowing the released free fatty acids to be absorbed by the tissues.
Remnant cholesterol is the cholesterol content of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, which consist of very low-density lipoproteins and intermediate-density lipoproteins with chylomicron remnants. [2] [5] Remnant cholesterol is primarily chylomicron and VLDL, and each remnant particle contains about 40 times more cholesterol than LDL. [6]
The desirable LDL level is considered to be less than 100 mg/dL (2.6 mmol/L). [97] [98] Reference ranges for blood tests, showing usual, as well as optimal, levels of HDL, LDL, and total cholesterol in mass and molar concentrations, is found in orange color at right, that is, among the blood constituents with the highest concentration.
(One extreme exception, lipoprotein apheresis, is an efficient but time-consuming way of clearing lipoprotein through “sort of a dialysis for cholesterol,” reserved for only the highest-risk ...
100-1000 30-90 20-25 10-20 Apolipoproteins B 48, Al, All B 100 CI, CII B 100: AI, AII, CI Composition (% of total content) · Protein 2 10 20 40 · Lipid 98 90 80 60 Lipid component (% of total lipid content) · Triglycerides 88 55 12 12 · Cholesteryl esters 4 24 59 40 · Phospholipids 8 20 28 47 · Free fatty acids - 1 1 1
Even people with very low LDL levels achieved by statin treatment are exposed to increased risk if their HDL levels are not high enough. [19] [non-primary source needed] Very high HDL-C levels (≥80 mg/dL in men, ≥100 mg/dL in women) appears to be detrimental to cardiovascular outcomes.
238055 Ensembl ENSG00000084674 ENSMUSG00000020609 UniProt P04114 E9Q414 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_000384 NM_009693 RefSeq (protein) NP_000375 NP_033823 Location (UCSC) Chr 2: 21 – 21.04 Mb Chr 12: 8.03 – 8.07 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOB gene. Its measurement is commonly used to detect risk of ...
Very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), density relative to extracellular water, is a type of lipoprotein made by the liver. [1] VLDL is one of the five major groups of lipoproteins (chylomicrons, VLDL, intermediate-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein) that enable fats and cholesterol to move within the water-based solution of the bloodstream.