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There are a variety of disabilities affecting cognitive ability.This is a broad concept encompassing various intellectual or cognitive deficits, including intellectual disability (formerly called mental retardation), deficits too mild to properly qualify as intellectual disability, various specific conditions (such as specific learning disability), and problems acquired later in life through ...
Intellectual disability (ID), also known as general learning disability (in the United Kingdom), [3] and formerly mental retardation (in the United States), [4] [5] [6] is a generalized neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significant impairment in intellectual and adaptive functioning that is first apparent during childhood.
For example, a 2001 British study of 26 autistic children found only about 30% with intelligence in the normal range (IQ above 70), 50% with a mild to moderate intellectual disability, and about 20% with a severe to profound intellectual disability (IQ below 35). For ASD other than autism the association is much weaker: the same study reported ...
A 2016 survey in the United States reported a rate of 25 per 1,000 children for ASD. [368] Rates of autism are poorly understood in many low- and middle-income countries, which affects the accuracy of global ASD prevalence estimates, [369] but it is thought that most autistic people live in low- and middle-income countries. [370]
High-functioning autism (HFA) was historically an autism classification to describe a person who exhibited no intellectual disability but otherwise showed autistic traits, such as difficulty in social interaction and communication. The term was often applied to verbal autistic people of at least average intelligence.
In the United States, around half (53.4%) of young adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) worked after leaving school (2011 figures), this rate being the lowest among disability groups. [ 39 ] [ 73 ] Michael Bernick and Richard Holden (2015) estimate that the overall unemployment rate for autistic Americans is between 60% and 70%.
The estimates range from "exceedingly rare" [18] to one in ten people with autism having savant skills in varying degrees. [1] A 2009 British study of 137 parents of autistic children found that 28% believe their children met the criteria for a savant skill, defined as a skill or power "at a level that would be unusual even for 'normal' people ...
The British government's Royal Commission on the Care and Control of the Feeble-Minded (1904–1908), in its Report in 1908 defined the feeble-minded as: [P]ersons who may be capable of earning a living under favourable circumstances, but are incapable from mental defect, existing from birth or from an early age: (1) of competing on equal terms with their normal fellows, or (2) of managing ...