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As the secretary of defense is a civilian position intended to be independent of the active-duty leadership, a secretary is required to have been retired from service for at least seven (originally ten) years unless a waiver is approved by Congress. [21]
Secretary of Defense Donald H. Rumsfeld with Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff General George S. Brown.While the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff acts as the highest-ranking and most senior military officer in the United States Armed Forces, the civilian Secretary of Defense acts as the highest-ranking and most senior position within the Department of Defense.
13.3 Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. 13.4 United States Information Agency (Defunct agency) ... DIA Leadership Award DIA Exceptional Civilian Service Medal
In this capacity, the under secretary (U/S) attends and participates, at the direction of the president, in National Security Council (NSC) and subordinate meetings pertaining to arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament and has the right to communicate, through the secretary of state, with the president and members of the NSC on arms ...
Disarmament means the physical removal of the means of combat from ex-belligerents (weapons, ammunition, etc.). Demobilization means the disbanding of armed groups. Reintegration means the process of reintegrating former combatants into civilian society, reducing the number of people immediately ready to engage in armed combat.
Four Stars: The Inside Story of the Forty-Year Battle Between the Joint Chiefs of Staff and America's Civilian Leaders. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1989, ISBN 0-395-42923-4. Rearden, Steven L. History of the Office of the Secretary of Defense. Two vols. Washington, D.C.: Historical Office, Office of the Secretary of Defense, 1984.
Lloyd James Austin III (born August 8, 1953) is a retired United States Army four-star general who served as the 28th United States secretary of defense from 2021 to 2025 under the Joe Biden administration.
Transarmament (closely related to civilian-based defense) is the partial or total replacement of armed forces with the physical and social infrastructure to support nonviolent resistance. Gene Sharp defined transarmament as "the process of changeover from a military-based defense policy to a civilian-based defense policy."