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This definition ultimately became the statement that 1 IT calorie is exactly 4.1868 J. [4] [8] The Btu is then calculated from the calorie as is done for the thermochemical definitions of the BTU and the calorie, as in International standard ISO 31-4 Quantities and units—Part 4: Heat and British Standard BS 350:Part 1:1974 Conversion factors ...
The therm (symbol, thm) is a non-SI unit of heat energy equal to 100,000 British thermal units (BTU), [1] and approximately 105 megajoules, 29.3 kilowatt-hours, 25,200 kilocalories and 25.2 thermies. One therm is the energy content of approximately 100 cubic feet (2.83 cubic metres) of natural gas at standard temperature and pressure .
The change of atmospheric pressure with altitude can be obtained from this equation: [2] P a = 0.9877 a {\displaystyle P_{a}=0.9877^{a}} Given an atmospheric pollutant concentration at an atmospheric pressure of 1 atmosphere (i.e., at sea level altitude), the concentration at other altitudes can be obtained from this equation:
= 1 J = 1 m⋅N = 1 kg⋅m 2 /s 2 = 1 C⋅V = 1 W⋅s kilocalorie; large calorie: kcal; Cal ≡ 1000 cal IT = 4.1868 × 10 3 J: kilowatt-hour; Board of Trade Unit: kW⋅h; B.O.T.U. ≡ 1 kW × 1 h = 3.6 × 10 6 J: litre-atmosphere: l atm; sl ≡ 1 atm × 1 L = 101.325 J: quad: ≡ 10 15 BTU IT = 1.055 055 852 62 × 10 18 J: rydberg: Ry ≡ R ...
For some usage examples, consider the conversion of 1 SCCM to kg/s of a gas of molecular weight , where is in kg/kmol. Furthermore, consider standard conditions of 101325 Pa and 273.15 K, and assume the gas is an ideal gas (i.e., Z n = 1 {\\displaystyle Z_{n}=1} ).
The SI unit of volumetric heat capacity is joule per kelvin per cubic meter, J⋅K −1 ⋅m −3. The volumetric heat capacity can also be expressed as the specific heat capacity (heat capacity per unit of mass, in J⋅K −1 ⋅kg −1) times the density of the substance (in kg/L, or g/mL). [1] It is defined to serve as an intensive property.
Mass transfer coefficients can be estimated from many different theoretical equations, correlations, and analogies that are functions of material properties, intensive properties and flow regime (laminar or turbulent flow). Selection of the most applicable model is dependent on the materials and the system, or environment, being studied.
Though a standardised value of 4.1860 J·cal −1 was established in the early 20th century, in the 1920s, it was ultimately realised that the constant is simply the specific heat of water, a quantity that varies with temperature between the values of 4.17 and 4.22 J·g −1 ·°C −1.
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