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The Torino scale is a method for categorizing the impact hazard associated with near-Earth objects (NEOs) such as asteroids and comets. It is intended as a communication tool for astronomers and the public to assess the seriousness of collision predictions, by combining probability statistics and known kinetic damage potentials into a single ...
2024 YR 4 is an asteroid that is classified as an Apollo-type (Earth-crossing) near-Earth object, with an estimated diameter of 40 to 90 metres (130 to 300 ft).As of 21 February 2025, it has a rating of 1 on the Torino scale, with a 1-in-280 (0.36%) chance of impacting Earth on 22 December 2032, [7] and a rating of −1.11 on the Palermo scale, corresponding to an impact hazard 5.8% of the ...
Richard "Rick" P. Binzel (born 1958) is an American astronomer and professor of planetary sciences at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). He is a discoverer of minor planets, photometrist and the inventor of the Torino Scale, a method for categorizing the impact hazard associated with near-Earth objects such as asteroids and comets.
Scale values less than −2 reflect events for which there are no likely consequences, while Palermo scale values between −2 and 0 indicate situations that merit careful monitoring. A similar but less complex scale is the Torino scale, which is used for simpler descriptions in the non-scientific media.
The Torino scale. The scale in metres is the approximate diameter of an asteroid with a typical collision velocity. The simple Torino scale was established at an IAU workshop in Torino in June 1999, in the wake of the public confusion about the impact risk of 1997 XF 11. [78]
The chances that a near-Earth object, such as a comet or asteroid, could impact Earth is the subject of the Torino Scale and Palermo Scale. Near-Earth objects that are actively listed at the Sentry Risk Table or NEODyS should be individually included in this category. The generic category of "Potentially hazardous asteroids" is included merely ...
When rated at Torino Scale level 1, there was a 0.0012% chance or a 1 in 83,000 chance of the asteroid colliding with the Earth, corresponding to a 99.9988% chance the asteroid will miss the Earth. [ 8 ] 2016 EU 85 had been observed 14 times [ 9 ] at the observatories Mauna Kea ( 568 ), Apache Point ( 705 ), Pan-STARRS 1 Haleakala ( F51 ) and ...
It led the impact hazard list, with a Torino Scale impact risk value of 1, for one week, ending on February 19, 2007. Before and after 2007 CA 19, 99942 Apophis was the object with the highest Palermo Scale rating. With an observation arc of 4.8 days, it had a Palermo Scale of −0.88. [2]