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Ehlers–Danlos syndromes (EDS) are a group of 13 genetic connective-tissue disorders. [7] Symptoms often include loose joints, joint pain, stretchy velvety skin, and abnormal scar formation. [ 1 ] These may be noticed at birth or in early childhood. [ 3 ]
Ehlers–Danlos hypermobility type can have severe musculoskeletal effects, including: Jaw laxity that may make an individual's jaw open and close like a hinge, as well as open further than the average. Neck pain that can lead to chronic headaches and is usually associated with a crackling or grinding sensation .
Craniocervical instability is more common in people with a connective tissue disease, including Ehlers-Danlos syndromes, [1] osteogenesis imperfecta, and rheumatoid arthritis. [2] It is frequently co-morbid with atlanto-axial joint instability, Chiari malformation , [ 3 ] or tethered spinal cord syndrome .
The Ehlers-Danlos Society listed these possible warning signs: loose, overly flexible or unstable joints. joint pain. soft, stretchy, fragile skin that tears or bruises easily. slow and poor wound ...
However, if there is widespread laxity of other connective tissue, then this may be a sign of Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, Down syndrome, Klippel–Feil syndrome, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Larsen syndrome, Marfan syndrome, osteogenesis imperfecta, and other medical conditions. [1] [2]
Bethlem myopathy 2 (BTHLM2), formerly known as myopathic-type Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, is caused by a mutation on the COL12A1 gene coding for type XII collagen. [3] It is autosomal dominant. [3] In 2017, an international workshop proposed a redefined criteria and naming system for limb-girdle muscular dystrophies.
Ehlers–Danlos syndrome - diverse collection of disorders distinguished by the fragility of soft connective tissues and widespread symptoms affecting the skin, ligaments, joints, blood vessels, and internal organs. [5] Osteogenesis imperfecta - hereditary condition marked by reduced bone mass, weakened bones, increased brittleness, and short ...
Others may naturally have muscles in their upper back and neck that are weaker and more prone to stretching, as well as with chest and front shoulder muscles that are more resistant to stretching. Connective tissue disorders, such as Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, [17] could also alter the strength and elasticity of ligaments and tendons. [18]
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