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  2. Jim Crow laws - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws

    The Jim Crow laws were state and local laws introduced in the Southern United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries that enforced racial segregation, "Jim Crow" being a pejorative term for an African American. [1]

  3. List of Jim Crow law examples by state - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Jim_Crow_law...

    Twenty-nine Jim Crow laws were passed in Texas. The state enacted one anti-segregation law in 1871 barring separation of the races on public carriers. This law was repealed in 1889. 1865: Juneteenth [Constitution] The people of Texas are informed that, in accordance with a proclamation from the Executive of the United States, all slaves are ...

  4. Racial segregation in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_segregation_in_the...

    Congress passed the Reconstruction Acts of 1867, ratified the Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1870, granting African Americans the right to vote, and it also enacted the Civil Rights Act of 1875 forbidding racial segregation in accommodations. Federal occupation in the South helped allow many black people to vote and ...

  5. Sixty years after the unwinding of Jim Crow, a historic US ...

    www.aol.com/news/sixty-years-unwinding-jim-crow...

    It was the beginning of the end of Jim Crow, the often brutally enforced web of racist laws and practices born in the South to subjugate Black Americans. Members of the last generation to live ...

  6. Southern Manifesto - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Manifesto

    School segregation in the United States by state prior to Brown v. Board of Education (1954).. The Declaration of Constitutional Principles (known informally as the Southern Manifesto) was a document written in February and March 1956, during the 84th United States Congress, in opposition to racial integration of public places. [1]

  7. Judicial aspects of race in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judicial_aspects_of_race...

    Congress enacted fugitive slave laws in 1793 and 1850 to provide for the return of slaves who had escaped from a slave state to a free state or territory. Black Codes were adopted by several states, generally to constrain the actions and rights of free people of color, as slaves were controlled by slave law.

  8. Timeline of the civil rights movement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_civil...

    Carolina Coach banning "Jim Crow laws" in bus travel among the states, is a landmark in outlawing "Jim Crow" in bus travel. The Browder case was brought and won by noted civil rights attorney Fred Gray.

  9. Democratic backsliding in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_backsliding_in...

    The Jim Crow Era saw an erosion of political and civil rights that would span decades; between the 1890s and 1910s, Southern governments passed Jim Crow laws, which instituted poll taxes, literacy tests and other discriminatory systems, barring many Black and impoverished White Americans from voting.