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Ranked-choice voting (RCV) can refer to one of several ranked voting methods used in some cities and states in the United States. The term is not strictly defined, but most often refers to instant-runoff voting (IRV) or single transferable vote (STV), the main difference being whether only one winner or multiple winners are elected.
The Kemeny–Young method is an electoral system that uses ranked ballots and pairwise comparison counts to identify the most popular choices in an election. It is a Condorcet method because if there is a Condorcet winner, it will always be ranked as the most popular choice.
Plurality voting is the most common voting system, and has been in widespread use since the earliest democracies.As plurality voting has exhibited weaknesses from its start, especially as soon as a third party joins the race, some individuals turned to transferable votes (facilitated by contingent ranked ballots) to reduce the incidence of wasted votes and unrepresentative election results.
The system is called "Ranked Choice Voting" there. In 2006, Oakland, California passed Measure O, adopting instant runoff voting. [2] In 2006, the city council of Davis voted 3–2 to place a measure on the ballot to recommend use of single transferable vote for city elections; [3] the measure was approved by the electorate.
Ranked-choice voting may be used as a synonym for: Ranked voting, a term used for any voting system in which voters are asked to rank candidates in order of preference; Instant-runoff voting (IRV), a specific ranked voting system with single-winner districts; Single transferable vote (STV), a specific ranked voting system with multi-winner ...
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On January 11, the Center for Election Confidence released a study of the effects of ranked choice voting (RCV). (The center, previously known as the Lawyers Democracy Fund, opposes RCV.)
Compared to a plurality voting system that rewards only the top vote-getter, instant-runoff voting mitigates the problem of wasted votes. [20] However, it does not ensure the election of a Condorcet winner, which is the candidate who would win a direct election against any other candidate in the race.